Download What are Fungi

What are Fungi
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One of the 6 kingdoms
Eukaryotes
Cell Walls of chitin
Heterotrophs
Decomposers & Parasites
Reproduce with spores sexually and asexually
Multicellular except for unicellular yeast cells
Grow in moist, warm places.
How Fungi Obtain Food
 Absorb
food through hyphae that grow into
the food source.
Hyphae-threadlike tube that makes up the body
of multicellular fungi
How Fungi Digest Food
 Grow
hyphae into a food source
 Release digestive chemicals through the
hyphae into the food
 Chemicals break down the food
 Hyphae absorb the broken down food
Roles of Fungi
 Decomposers
that break down dead
organisms
 Parasites that feed on living organisms
Dutch Elm Tree Disease
Athletes’ Foot
 Food
Source
Athlete’s Foot, Toenail
Fungus, Ringworm
Fungi Reproduction
Usually reproduce asexually by
producing spores in fruiting bodies
that are spread by wind, water,
and animals.
 Sexually reproduce by hyphae
from different fungi growing
together and exchanging genetic
information then growing a fruiting
body that releases the spores.
 Yeasts reproduce asexually by budding.
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 Small yeast cell grows from the body
of the parent cell and breaks off.
Classification of Fungi
 Classified
by spore producing structures and
ability to reproduce sexually.
 Four Groups of Fungi
Threadlike Fungi
Sac Fungi
Club Fungi
Imperfect Fungi
Threadlike Fungi
 Produce
spores in threadlike hyphae.
Can reproduce sexually.
Examples: bread molds like Rhizopus which
sends up hyphae with the spore sac on the end.
Threadlike Fungi
Black is the spore case
on the tip of the hyphae
Sac Fungi
 Produce
spores in structures that look like
sacks.
Can reproduce sexually.
Examples: yeast, morels, truffles, and
fungi that cause plant diseases like
Dutch Elm Disease.
Truffles grow underground
Morel Fungi
Yeast Fungi
Club Fungi
Bracket Fungus
Puffball
.
Produce
spores in structures that look
like clubs.
 Can reproduce sexually
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 Examples: mushrooms, bracket
fungi, plant parasites, and puffballs.
Mushroom
Imperfect Fungi
 Not
known to reproduce sexually.
 They are not totally sure how they
reproduce.
Includes 25,000 species including the
Penicillium mold.
Penicillium
Fungi As Decomposers
 Break
down dead organisms for energy.
 Recycle
the elements back
to the earth.
 Without
decomposers the
earth would be covered
with dead organisms.
Fungi and Food
 Fungi
can flavor foods.
Roquefort Cheese and Blue Cheese Dressing
 Yeast
cells create carbon dioxide gas as
they feed and help produce foods.
Bread rises because of the
gas bubbles.
Wine and Beer ferment due to
the carbon dioxide and alcohol
produced by the yeast.
 Fungi
are eaten for food.
Disease Causing Fungi
 Fungi
cause diseases in some plants.
Examples: corn smut and wheat rust.
 Fungi
cause some diseases in animals.
Examples: ring worm and athletes’ foot.
Lichens: A Mutual Relationship
 Fungus
and algae or autotrophic bacteria
living together.
 Fungus gets food from the
algae or bacteria.
 Bacteria or algae gets water
and minerals from the fungus.
 Pioneer organism: first to grow in a barren
area after a fire, volcano, or rock slide.
Symbiosis and Fungi
 Fungi
grow among the roots of some plants
and help the plant grow better.
Mutualism: both the plant and fungi benefit.
 Hyphae
spread out and absorb water and
nutrients for the plant.
 Fungi also benefits as it
feeds on extra food the
plant stores.
Example: orchid plant
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