Download Table 22.2 (continued)

The Pharmacy Technician
FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICES
Chapter 22
Eyes and Ears
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 22.1
Anatomy of the eye.
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Anatomy of the Eye
• Cornea—clear or transparent outer
•
•
“window” of the eye
Sclera—opaque, white portion around the
circumference of the cornea
Conjunctiva—thin, transparent layer that
extends from the edge of the cornea to
cover the sclera; also lines the inside of
the eyelids
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Anatomy of the Eye (cont.)
• Iris—colored disc visible through the
•
•
cornea
Pupil—opening in the iris
Lens (crystalline lens)—located directly
behind the iris
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Anatomy of the Eye (cont.)
• Retina—sensory tissue that lines the back
•
•
of the eye
Optic nerve—visual pathway by which
electrical impulses move from the retina to
the brain and back
Macula—small, yellowish area in the retina
that provides the most central and acute
vision
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Anatomy of the Eye (cont.)
• Vitreous humor—occupies about 80
•
•
percent of the interior of the eye;
composed mostly of water
Choroid—layer of nourishing blood
vessels between the sclera and the retina
Extraocular muscles—regulate the motion
of each eye
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 22.8
Anatomy of the ear.
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Anatomy of the Ear
• The outer ear structures are the visible
•
portion of the ear
The middle ear structures include:
–
–
–
–
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Auditory canal
Malleus, incus, and stapes
Eustachian tube
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Anatomy of the Ear (cont.)
• The inner ear structures include:
– Cochlea, snail-shaped organ that contains
the nerves required for hearing
– Vestibular labyrinth, which contains the sense
organs required for balance
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Function of the Eye
• The function of the eye is sight
• In humans, stereoscopic vision creates
depth perception
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 22.2
The eye as a camera.
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Functions of the Ears
• The ears have two separate functions: to
•
hear and to govern balance
These functions are not interdependent
– One may be deaf and have perfect balance
– One may have perfect hearing and have a
disrupted sense of balance
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Common Diseases of the Eyes
• Stye (hordeolum)—localized infection of
•
the sebaceous gland in a hair follicle at the
base of an eyelash
Blepharitis—inflammation of the eyelid
margins, accompanied by redness,
thickening, and possibly the formation of
scales and crusts or shallow marginal
ulcers
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Common Diseases of the Eyes (cont.)
• Conjunctivitis—acute or chronic
•
inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by
a virus, bacteria, allergy, or irritant such as
wind, smoke, or snow
Vascular retinopathy—noninflammatory
disease in which the retina has become
damaged
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 22.3
Bacterial conjunctivitis.
(Phototake NYC.)
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.1
Various Topical Ophthalmics Used for Ocular Infections
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.1 (continued)
Various Topical Ophthalmics Used for Ocular Infections
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.1 (continued)
Various Topical Ophthalmics Used for Ocular Infections
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.1 (continued)
Various Topical Ophthalmics Used for Ocular Infections
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.1 (continued)
Various Topical Ophthalmics Used for Ocular Infections
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.1 (continued)
Various Topical Ophthalmics Used for Ocular Infections
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.2
Drugs for Glaucoma with Various Mechanisms of Action
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.2 (continued)
Drugs for Glaucoma with Various Mechanisms of Action
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.2 (continued)
Drugs for Glaucoma with Various Mechanisms of Action
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.2 (continued)
Drugs for Glaucoma with Various Mechanisms of Action
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.2 (continued)
Drugs for Glaucoma with Various Mechanisms of Action
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.2 (continued)
Drugs for Glaucoma with Various Mechanisms of Action
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.2 (continued)
Drugs for Glaucoma with Various Mechanisms of Action
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Table 22.2 (continued)
Drugs for Glaucoma with Various Mechanisms of Action
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Diseases of the Ears
• Otitis media—an inflammation and
•
•
infection of the middle ear
Hearing loss—technically not a disease;
there are many types of hearing loss
Earwax buildup—also not a disease; this
condition can lead to temporary hearing
loss, loss of homeostasis, and irritation of
the ear
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.