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Greek & Roman Mythology An Introduction to a major religion of early Mediterranean history • Polytheistic religion • Spread through Greek Colonies & Roman Empire – Traces of Greek myths found in Modern Italy, Bulgaria and Turkey – The Gods honored depended on economic and culture needs within that society Example of Myth Themes 1. Provide heroes, examples of people who demonstrate admirable qualities 2. Stories of how things came to be 3. Consequences of undesirable behavior. Zeus - Chief God, presided, with 12 other Gods on thrones at Mt. Olympus - God of Thunder & Lightening -Olympic Games in honor of him Hera Goddess of Marriage Was of the “Great Goddess” religions, many spectacular temples were built to honor her After Homer’s Iliad, always portrayed as jealous shrew Poseidon • God of Sea, Earthquakes, Horses • Shape Shifting • Lost patronage of Athens to Athena Hades • God of the Underworld • Stern, Cruel and Unpitying but just • Feared by men • Statue Represents the kidnapping of Persephone Demeter • Goddess of Agriculture • Symbolized by sheaf of grain Hestia • Goddess of Hearth, Domesticity & Family • Gave up her throne on Olympus to Dionysus Athena • Goddess of Wisdom, Crafts and Cunning Warfare, Symbolized by the Owl • Born from Zeus’ head • Athens named for her, she gave them the olive tree Apollo • God of Prophecy, Music & Healing • Egoistic • Associated with the sun The Twins Artemis • Goddess of the Hunt • Helped women in childbirth • Associated with the moon Aphrodite • Goddess of Love, Beauty & Fertility • Symbolized by dolphins, doves & swans • Vain & ill-tempered Ares • God of War, or at least war-like frenzy • Handsome & cruel, had affairs with Aphrodite • Father of Romulus & Remus, Founders of Rome Hephaestus • Blacksmith God, very skilled craftsman • Long suffering husband of Aphrodite Hermes • Messenger God with winged sandals • Guides dead souls, prankster who is helpful to humans