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Greek and Roman Gods and Goddesses Creation Chaos – Whirling mass from which the universe is created First Rulers – Giants, Cyclops, Titans Cronus Titan God Married sister Rhea Warned – one child destined to usurp power Prevention – swallowed each child after birth – 5 children : Demeter, Hades, Hera, Poseidon, Hestia Sixth child – Rhea tricked Cronus – Zeus raised by divine goat Zeus King of the Gods Titanomochy: – Battle against Cronus – Zeus and siblings Defeated Cronus with a thunderbolt Home on Mount Olympus Father of the Gods Promiscuous (100 kids) Hera Goddess of Marriage and Family Jealous wife of Zeus Preoccupied with Zeus’ infidelity Hestia Goddess of the Hearth – Protectress of the home Eldest of the children of Cronus and Rhea Least significant of the Olympians First “stay at home” woman Symbol of Rome – 6 vestal virgins protected temple in Rome Hades God of the Underworld Not one of the 12 Olympian Gods Ruled world with Zeus and Poseidon Name means “invisible” or “unseen” Referred to as Pluton “the rich one” Not evil or hellish – kingdom that administers justice Demeter Goddess of Fertility Taught humans agriculture Central Greek myth – Persephone – Details the changing of the seasons http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00136NU4 I/ Poseidon God of the Sea “Shaker of Earth” Depicted with a Trident and driving a chariot Most widely worshipped Greek God Second Generation Deities Dionysus – God of wine and passion – Male life-force (God of fertility) Artemis – Goddess of the hunt – Virgin Goddess Ares – God of war (destructive sense) – Thrived on bloodshed – Not popular with Greeks, but thrived under Romans (militaristic) Second Generation Deities Hermes – Messenger of the Gods – Patron of travelers – Escorts the dead in the journey to Hades Apollo – God of light and music, poetry, art – Leader of the 9 muses (provide inspiration for writers, artists, musicians) Muses (9) – Bring inspiration to artists, writers, musicians, etc. Second Generation Deities Hephaestus – God of smith and fire – Dwarfish and disfigured – Husband of Aphrodite Aphrodite – Goddess of beauty and love – Wife of Hephaestus Eros – Son of Hephaestus and Aphrodite – God of Carnal Desire Second Generation Deities Athena – – – – – Goddess of war and wisdom Patron of Athens Patron of arts and crafts Born from Zeus’s head Represents everything Greek culture idealizes (wisdom, intelligence, reason – over unbridled love/passion) – Parthenon “Temple to the Virgin” Parthenon Monsters/Creatures Cyclops – Giant one-eyed monsters – Born to Gaea and Uranus – Three (Represent) – thunder – Brontes lightning – Steropes lightning bolt - Arges Giants – Came from Uranus’ blood – Imprisoned after defeat by Gods Pegasus – Winged horse Monsters/Creatures Cerberus – 3 headed dog – Snake tail & heads coming from back – Guards the gate of the Underworld Sirens (sisters) – Lure sailors to their deaths – Song is irresistible Creatures Gorgons – Female monsters with snakes as hair – Ugly If man looks at one he turns face to stone – immortal Medusa – Mortal – Seduced by Poseidon – Turned into a gorgon after offending Athena Heroes Hercules – Father Zeus; Mother Alcmene (mortal) – Strong child – 12 Labors of Herakles Punishment for wrongdoings by Apollo Jason – Defeated uncle to regain kingdom of Thessaly after 20 year misrule – Golden Fleece