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Healthy Eyes and Ears (2:04) Click here to launch video Click here to download print activity Eyes and ears are sensitive organs that need protective care. sclera cornea retina auditory ossicles labyrinth tinnitus Your Eyes The eyes and their supporting structures are a complex of parts. The eye collects light and sends signals to the brain, where images are formed. Your Eyes Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, at the front of your skull. A layer of fat cushions each eyeball inside its socket. Your Eyes The lacrimal gland secretes tears into the eye through ducts. Tears keep the surface of the eyeball moist and clear of foreign particles. Parts of the Eye sclera choroid vitrius humor optic nerve retina cornea iris pupil lens aqueous humor Parts of the Eye The sclera is composed of tough, fibrous tissue. Sclera The white part of the eye Parts of the Eye At the front of the eye rests the cornea. Cornea A transparent tissue that bends and focuses light before it enters the lens Parts of the Eye The retina contains millions of light-sensitive cells called rods and cones, each named for its basic shape. Retina The inner layer of the eye wall Parts of the Eye Rods are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in dim light. Cones are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in bright light and in color . Parts of the Eye Sclera Protects the inner eye and supports and shapes the eyeball Cornea Bends and focuses light before it enters the lens Choroid Lines the inside of the sclera Iris Contracts and dilates the pupil Pupil Regulates the amount of light that reaches the inner eye Parts of the Eye Retina Contains light-sensitive cells Optic Nerve Transmits nerve impulses to the brain Lens Helps refine the focus of images on the retina Aqueous Humor Provides nutrients to the eye Vitreous Humor Helps the eyeball stay firm and keeps the retina in place Vision Light rays are first focused by the curved cornea, then later refined by the lens onto the retina. This light stimulates the rods and cones in the retina, sending nerve impulses to the brain through the optic nerve. Vision Eye doctors refer to clear, sharp, normal vision as 20/20 vision. Other components of vision include eye coordination, peripheral or side vision, and depth perception. Vision Common Vision Disorders Nearsightedness, or Myopia The inability to see distant objects clearly Farsightedness, or Hyperopia The inability see close objects clearly Astigmatism Blurred vision Strabismus Eyes off-center, turned inward or outward Detached Retina Blurred vision or bright flashes of light Vision Common Vision Problems Infections and Viruses Swelling, irritation, blurred vision, change in sclera color Glaucoma Cloudy, impaired vision, can cause permanent damage Cataracts Foggy vision Macular Degeneration Vision loss Keeping Your Eyes Healthy Making healthy choices will keep your eyes healthy. A healthy diet is a critical component for maintaining eye health. Keeping Your Eyes Healthy Follow a wellbalanced eating plan. Tips for Keeping Your Eyes Healthy Protect your eyes. Rest your eyes regularly. Get regular eye exams. Your Ears The inner, middle, and outer ear work together so you can hear. The ear has two functions: hearing and balance. Your Ears Your Ears Parts of The Outer Ear Function Auricle Channels sound waves into the external auditory canal External Auditory Canal Channels sound waves from the auricle to the eardrum Eardrum Acts as a barrier between the outer and middle ear Your Ears Parts of The Inner Ear Function Auditory Ossicles Connect the eardrum to the inner ear Eustachian Tube Connects the middle ear to the throat Your Ears The auditory ossicles lie in the middle ear directly behind the eardrum. Auditory ossicles Three small bones linked together that connect the eardrum to the inner ear Your Ears The labyrinth consists of a network of curved and spiral passages in the inner ear. Labyrinth The inner ear Your Ears The labyrinth has three main parts. The cochlea, a spiral-shaped canal, is the area of hearing in the inner ear. The vestibule and the semicircular canals are where balance is controlled. Hearing and Balance Receptors cells within the cochlea send nerve impulses to the brain, where sound is interpreted. Receptor cells in the vestibule and the semicircular canals send nerve impulses to the brain, and the brain makes adjustments to maintain balance. Keeping Your Ears Healthy Caring for your ears helps prevent irritation, injury, infection, and damage to the ears, as well as hearing loss. Have your ears examined by a health care professional if you suspect an infection. Keeping Your Ears Healthy Tips for Keeping Your Ears Healthy Wear a hat that covers both the auricles and the earlobes in cold weather. Wear protective gear, such as a batting helmet, when playing sports. Keep foreign objects, including cottontipped swabs, out of the ear canal. Keeping Your Ears Healthy A health care professional will check your ears during a routine physical examination. Preventing Hearing Loss Exposure to loud noises can lead to temporary and sometimes permanent hearing loss, or deafness, over time. Conductive Hearing Loss In conductive hearing loss, sound waves are not passed from the outer ear to the inner ear, usually because of a blockage or injury to the inner ear. Sensorineural Hearing Loss Sensorineural hearing loss may result from a birth defect, exposure to noise, growing older, and medication problems. Sensorineural Hearing Loss To prevent tinnitus, avoid loud music, wear earplugs in noisy environments, and at loud concerts or sporting events. Tinnitus A condition in which a ringing, buzzing, whistling, roaring, hissing, or other sound is heard in the ear in the absence of external sound After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 1. What happens to eyes that have cataracts? The lenses become cloudy and cannot focus light. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 2. What is astigmatism? Blurred vision due to a misshapen cornea or lens After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 3. Explain the function of the wax and tiny hairs in the ear canal. Protecting the ear from dust and foreign objects.