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ARIZONA T3 HOW TO TRAIN HEARING SCREENERS RENEWAL CURRICULUM: INTRODUCTION TO HEARING T3 Introduction to Hearing 1 ADHS Hearing Screener Approval and Renewal Introduction to Hearing Prescreening Referral/Notification and Reporting Unit(s) specific to the chosen method(s) of screening Pass written and practical tests T3 Introduction to Hearing 2 Anatomy of the Ear 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. T3 Introduction to Hearing _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ 3 Anatomy of the Ear 1. 2. 3. Pinna Ear Canal Tympanic Membrane (Ear Drum) 4. Ossicles: Hammer 5. Ossicles: Anvil 6. Ossicles: Stirrup 7. Oval Window 8. Eustachian Tube 9. Semicircular Canals 10. Cochlea 11. Cranial Nerve (Auditory Nerve) T3 Introduction to Hearing 4 T3 Introduction to Hearing 5 Infant Auditory Development Birth to 3 Months Watch a speaker’s face Can be soothed by a familiar voice Make cooing, aaah, or gurgling sounds Usually stir, wake or cry when someone talks/makes noise Age 3 to 6 Months Appear to listen Awaken easily to sounds Enjoy noise-making toys Turn eyes and begin to turn head toward interesting sounds or a familiar voice T3 Introduction to Hearing 6 Age 6 to 12 Months Use voice to get attention Begin to imitate speech sounds Respond to name, even when spoken softly Look up and turn head towards interesting sounds or familiar voices Make many different vocalizations and babbling sounds, playing with own voice Respond to common environmental sounds such as telephone ringing or dog barking T3 Introduction to Hearing 7 Language Milestones T3 Introduction to Hearing 8 Receptive Language Milestones Age Communication Skills 12 months Follows one-step commands Responds to own name, no and bye-bye 18 months Identifies from 1 to 4 body parts Responds to come here and give it to mommy 24 months Follows 2 to 3 related commands: Get your ball and throw it to mommy. Identifies at least 5 body parts 36 months Identifies objects by use: wash-soap, eat-fork Recognizes action pictures Understands basic prepositions: in, out, under Understands question forms: what and where Understands negatives: no, not, can’t, don’t 48 months Follows a series of 2 to 4 related directions Understands size comparisons like big-bigger Understands relationships expressed by if-then or because sentences Begins to understand sentences involving time concepts: We are going to the zoo tomorrow. T3 Introduction to Hearing 9 Expressive Language Milestones Age Vocabulary Syntax Intelligibility 12 months 2 “Ball” 25% 18 months 10 “Want ball” 50% 24 months 200 “Ball, all gone” 70% 36 months 600 “Gimme my ball” 80% 48 months 1200 “I gotta big ball for Kristmas” 90% T3 Introduction to Hearing 10 Signs of Hearing Loss Preschool Age Must you get close or raise your voice for the child to hear you? Is the child unable to point to pictures of common objects when they are named? Does the child show frustration when not understood? Is the child unable to carry out 2-3 related directions? Does the child need to have the volume of music increased above normal loudness levels? Is the child easily distracted or does she/he seem withdrawn? Does the child have a limited vocabulary in relation to his/her peers? Do unfamiliar listeners have difficulty understanding what the child says? T3 Introduction to Hearing 11 Signs of Hearing Loss School Age Does the child have a limited vocabulary, both expressive and receptive? Does the child need frequent repetition of directions or have trouble following directions? Does the child often need to have information repeated? Does the child have difficulty distinguishing between words that sound alike? Does the child appear immature in social interactions? Does the child seem inattentive or appear to daydream? Does the child have speech, language, or voice problems? Does the child concentrate on people’s faces and lips when they are talking? T3 Introduction to Hearing 12 Types of Hearing Loss Conductive Sensorineural Mixed Loss T3 Introduction to Hearing 13 Causes of Hearing Loss Type Causes Conductive Fluid Excessive wax in the ear canal Hole in the eardrum Broken ossicle behind the eardrum Genetic syndromes Disease Problems during pregnancy Diseases after birth Sensorineural T3 Introduction to Hearing 14 Noise, Noise, Noise! Loudness Level (dB) Sound 30-60 dB Soft whisper Average home interior Everyday conversation 61-80 dB Ringing telephone Kitchen appliances Busy traffic Vacuum cleaner Noisy restaurant At 80 dB damage can occur in 8 hours of exposure. 80-100 dB At 90 dB damage can occur in less than 8 hours of exposure. 100-120 dB Short exposure can cause permanent hearing loss. 130-170 dB Any exposure is dangerous. Boom box Dance music Motorcycle Power tools Lawn mower Personal stereo & headphones Rock concert Sandblasting Automobile horn Thunder Jet take-off Gunfire 180+ dB Damage is inevitable. T3 Introduction to Hearing 15 Prevent Hearing Loss in Children! Be alert to hazardous noises in the environment. Monitor the volume of music. Prevent infections that can damage hearing. Be familiar with side effects of medications. Promote breast-feeding to keep baby’s head elevated when feeding. Keep objects out of the ears. Make sure children receive needed hearing screenings. T3 Introduction to Hearing 16 ADULTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTING CHILDREN’S HEARING! T3 Introduction to Hearing 17