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Tomislav Skračić, MA Undergraduate English Course for MARITIME MANAGERS 5th Semester Essential reading: T. Skračić, Waypoint – English Textbook for Maritime Students, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Split 2010, Units 22-28 T. Trappe & G. Tullis, Intelligent Business, Longman 2005, Units 12-14 coastal areas, nearshore / offshore ecosystems, wastes, species diversity, habitat alteration, hydrodynamics, pollutant release, alien species, fish-processing waste, by-catch, fish kills, overexploitation / overharvest, trawling, algal bloom, oil spill, dynamiting, extinction, benthic fishes, sea bed, conservation program, proactive planning, marine protected areas (MPAs), fisheries, user conflicts, zoning, stewardship, integrated coastal management... Marine ecosystems are complex, ecologically sensitive and valuable places. Coastal waters support the world's most productive ecosystems and the oceans support the highest biological diversity in the world, rivalling that of tropical forests. These habitats are critically important to mankind. They contain the most productive fishing grounds and support water-dependent industry, tourism and waste disposal. They also contain the best alluvial soils for agriculture. These habitats are threatened by the growing human population. It would be wrong to believe that the sea has a nearly infinite capacity to assimilate wastes and resist degradation. Chronic assaults on coastal and ocean areas, even those that appear trivial and inconsequential, are having dramatic negative impacts on the marine system. Fish kills... ... massive algal blooms... ... loss of biodiversity, extinction of species and populations... ... and increased frequency of cataclysmic meteorological events are only some of the warning signs.