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IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) ISSN: 2278-4861. Volume 2, Issue 3 (Nov. - Dec. 2012), PP 13-23 www.iosrjournals.org Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential with the Poschl-Teller Non-central potential Using NU Method C. Cari1, A.Suparmi2 1, 2 (Physics Department, SebelasMaret University, Indonesia) Abstract: The approximate analytical solution of Schrodinger equation for Scarf potential plus trigonometricPoschl-Teller potential is investigated using Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The bound state energy eigenvalues are given in the close form and the corresponding radial and angular eigenfunctions are formulated in the form of the generalized Jacobi Polynomials. The trigonometric Poschl-Teller potential causes the energy of Scarf potensial decreases as the orbital quantum number increases. The energy spectrum and the radial wave function of Scarf potential are produced by the absent of Poschl-Teller potential. Keywords: Nikiforov-Uvarov method, Schrodinger equation, Trigonometric Scarf I, Poschl-Teller potential. I. Introduction The exact analytical solution of Schrodinger equations for a class of trigonometric shape invariant potentials are only possible if the angular momentum l=0 . However, for β 0 , the Schrodinger equation can only be solved approximately for different suitable approximation scheme. One of the suitable approximation scheme is conventionally proposed by Greene and Aldrich.[1-2] The approximate bound state solutions of Schrodinger equation with exponential- line potential such as Eckart potential, Hulthen potential, and Rosen Morse potential have been intensively investigated by some authors.[3-6] It is well known that these solutions play an essential role in the relativistic and non-relativistic quantum mechanics for some physical potentials of interest. Recently, conciderably efforts have been paid to obtain the exact solution of non-central potentials. There are only a few potentials for which the Schrodinger equation can be solved exactly. In general, one has to resort to numerical techniques or approximation schemes. For many quantum mechanical systems, most approximation methods used are shifted 1/N expansion, WKB method, perturbation method, supersymmetric quantum mechanics and idea of shape invariance, etc. Although some methods produce eigenvalues easily but give complicated eigenfunctions. In recent years, numerous studies have been made in analyzing the bound state of charged particle moving in a vector potential and a non-central scalar potential, such as an electron moving in a Coulomb field with simultaneously precence of Aharonov-Bohm field[7,8], or/and magnetic monopole[9], Makarov potential [10]or ring-shaped-oscillator potential [11-15], etc. In most of these studies, the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained using separation variables in spherical coordinate system. Very recently, supersymmetric quantum mechanics with the idea of shape invariance [16-18], factorization method [14-19], and Nikiforov-Uvarov method [20-21] are widely used to derive the energy spectrum and the wave function of a charge particle moving in non-central potential In this paper we will attempt to solve the Schrodinger equation for trigonometric Scarf potential plus trigonometric Poschl-Teller non-central potential using Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method.[20] The trigonometric Scarf potential is also called as generalized Poschl-Teller potential[22]. The NU method, that was developed by Nikiforov-Uvarov [20], was used and applied by reducing the second order differential equations to the hypergeometric type equation by a suitable change of variable.The trigonometric Scarf potential and trigonometric Poschl-Teller play the essential roles in electrodynamics interatomic and intermolecular forces and can be used to describe molecular vibrations. Some of these trigonometric potential are exactly solvable or quasi β exactly solvable and their bound state solutions have been reported.[23-26] This paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we review the Nikiforov-Uvarov method briefly. In section 3, we find the bound state energy solution and radial wave function from the solution of the radial Schrodinger equation, and the angular wave functions are derived in section 4. A brief conclusion is presented in section 5. www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential With The Poschl β II. Review Of Nikiforov-Uvarov Method The one-dimensional Schrodinger equation of any shape invariant potential can be reduced into hypergeometric or confluent hypergeometric type differential equation by suitable variable transformation [3,4,15,17]. The hypergeometric type differential equation, which can be solved using Nikiforov-Uvarovmethod is presented as π 2 π(π ) π (π ) ππ (π ) + π (π ) π π 2 ππ + π (π ) π2 π(π ) = 0 , (1) whereπ π and π(π ) are polynomials at most in the second order, and π(π ) is first order polynomial. Equation (1) can be solved using separation of variable method which is expressed as π = π π π¦(π ), (2) By inserting equation (2) into equation (1) we get hypergeometric type equation as π π 2 π¦ (π ) ππ 2 +π ππ¦ (π ) ππ + ππ¦(π ) = 0 (3) andπ π is a logarithmic derivative whose solution is obtained from condition πβ² π π =π (4) where the function π(π ) and the parameter π are defined as π= πβ²βπ ± ( 2 π β²βπ 2 ) 2 β π + ππ (5) π = π + πβ² (6) The value of k in equation (5) can be found from the condition that under the square root of equation (5) have to be square of polynomial which is mostly first degree polynomial and therefore the discriminate of the quadratic expression is zero. A new eigenvalue of equation (3) is π = ππ = βππ β² β whereπ = π + 2π , π(πβ1) 2 πβ²β² , n = 0, 1, 2, (7) (8) The new energy eigenvalue is obtained using equation (6) and (7). To generate the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunction, the condition that π β² < 0 is required. The solution of the second part of the wave function, yn(s), is connected to Rodrigues relation [15] which is given as πΆ π¦π π = π ππ ππ ππ π π π (π )π(π ) (9) whereCn is normalization constant, and the weight function π(π ) satisfies the condition π (ππ ) ππ = π π π(π ) (10) The wave function of the system is therefore obtained from equation (4) and (9). III. Solution Of Schrodinger Equation For Trigonometric Scarf Potential Combined With Trigonometric Poschl-Teller Potential Using Nu Method The non-central potential which is combination of trigonometric Scarf potential and trigonometric Poschl-Teller non-cental potential given as π π, π = β2 πΌ 2 π 2 +π πβ1 2π π ππ 2 πΌπ β 1 2 π ππ 2 πΌπ 2π(πβ )cos πΌπ + β2 π π β1 2ππ 2 π ππ 2 π + π(π β1) (11) πππ 2 π 1 where π 2 + π π β 1 > 0, 2π π β > 0, πΌ is related to range of the trigonometric Scarf potential with the 2 unit of the inverse of length, 0 < πΌπ < π, π > 1 , π > 1 and 0 β€ π β€ π. Trigonometric Scarf potential is potential model that used to describe the behavior quark-gluon dynamics. [25] The three dimensional time-independent Schrodinger equation for trigonometric Scarf potential[11,14] combined with trigonometric Poschl-Teller non-central potential is β2 β 2π 1 π π 2 ππ π 1 π 2 ππ + π 2 π πππ π ππ π 1 π2 π πππ ππ + π 2 π ππ 2 π ππ 2 π π, π, π + 2 2 β πΌ2 π +π πβ1 2π π ππ2 πΌπ β 2π(πβ12 )cos πΌπ π ππ2 πΌπ + β22ππ2π π β1π ππ2π+π(πβ1)πππ 2πππ,π,π=πΈππ,π,π (12) The three dimensional Schrodinger equation expressed in equation (12) is solved using variable separation method by setting π π, π, π = π π π π π(π) so we get www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential With The Poschl β 1 π π π 2 ππ π ππ π2 1 ππ π π 2 π π π 2 2 βπ πΌ π 2 +π π β1 2 β π ππ 2 πΌπ π π β1 + + π ππ 2 π π (π β1) 1 2 π ππ 2 πΌπ 2π (πβ )cos πΌπ + 2ππ 2 β2 1 πΈ = β ππ πππ π ππ π π πππ ππ β = π = π(π + 1) πππ 2 π (13) From equation (13) we get three differential equations with single variable as following: 1 π π π 2 ππ π ππ 1 β ππ πππ 1 π2 π ππ2 2 βπ πΌ π π 2 +π π β1 2 β π ππ 2 πΌπ π 1 2 π ππ 2 πΌπ 2π (πβ )cos πΌπ π2 1 π π β1 π πππ ππ β ππ π π 2 π π π 2 + ππ + β2 π (π β1) + π ππ 2 π 2ππ 2 πππ 2 π πΈ = π = π(π + 1) (14a) = π = π(π + 1) (14b) = βπ2 (14c) The solution of equation (14c) is π = π΄π π πππ (15) which is the azimuthal part of wave function. 3.1 The Solution Of Radial Wave Function By setting the new wave function π = π 2π ππ 2 π 2 +π πβ1 β πΌ2 π ππ 2 πΌπ β 1 2π(πβ )cos πΌπ 2 π ππ 2 πΌπ π(π ) π π+ into equation (14a) we get 2π β2 πΈπ β π π+1 The conventional approximation for centrifugal term 1 1 β πΌ 2 π0 + π ππ 2 πΌπ π2 π2 [1] π=0 (16) obtained for πΌπ<<<1 is (17) 1 where π0 = 12 . By substituting equation (17) into equation (16) we obtain π 2π ππ 2 π 2 +π πβ1 +π π+1 β πΌ2 π ππ 2 πΌπ β 1 2 π ππ 2 πΌπ 2π(π β )cos πΌπ π2 β π π + 1 π0 β πΌ 2 π = 0 (18) 2π where β2 πΈ = βπ 2 (19) By making a coordinate transformation, cos πΌπ = π , in equation (18), which is inspired by variable transformation in SUSY WKB[14], then equation (18) becomes 1 β π 2 π 2 π(π ) π π 2 βπ ππ (π ) ππ β π 2 +π π β1 +π π+1 1βπ 2 β 1 π 2 1βπ 2 2π πβ π2 β π π + 1 π0 β πΌ 2 π(π ) = 0 (20) where for πΌπ = 0 givesπ = 1 and πΌπ = πgivesπ = β1 By comparing equation (20) with equation (1) we get 1 π = βπ , π = 1 β π 2 , π = β π 2 + π π β 1 + π(π + 1) β 2π π β 2 π β Inserting equation (21) into equation (5) we have π πΌ 2 π π+1 π 0 +π 2 2 πΌ2 π = β ± π2 + π π β 1 + π π + 1 β + π β 2π π β 1 2 (1βπ 2 ) πΌ 2 π π+1 π 0 +π 2 πΌ 2 π π+1 π 0 +π 2 π +( (21) πΌ2 πΌ2 1 β π+ )π 2 (22) 4 Since the expression under the square root in equation (22) is quadratic expression with variable s and it has to be square of first degree polynomial, then it can be rewritten as π π=β ± 2 πΌ 2 π π+1 π 0 +π 2 πΌ2 βπ+ 1 4 (π β 1 2π π β 2 2 πΌ π π+1 π 0 +π 2 1 2( βπ+ ) 2 4 πΌ ) (23) and 1 2 2π π β 2 β4 πΌ 2 π π+1 π 0 +π 2 πΌ2 1 βπ+4 π2 + π π β 1 + π π + 1 β πΌ 2 π π+1 π 0 +π 2 πΌ2 +π =0 (24) which is the discriminate of the quadratic expression under the square root. The value of k can be obtained from the solution of equation (24). By setting πΌ 2 π π+1 π +π 2 1 0 π2 = βπ+4 πΌ2 equations (23) and (24) become 1 2 π 2π πβ 2 2π 2 π = β ±π π β 1 and 2π π β 2 2 (25) (26) 1 2 β 4π2 π 2 + π β 2 + π π + 1 β π2 = 0 (27) To fulfill the requirement that πβ² < 0 where π = π + 2π lead us to make a choice of π in equation (26) as www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential With The Poschl β π πβ 1 π = βπ π + 2 + 1 2 (28) π 2 From equation (27) we obtain the values of p as 1 2 +π π+1 + 2 π 2 + πβ π12 = 2 1 2 1 +π π+1 β4 π πβ 2 2 π 2 + πβ (29a) 2 1 2 +π π+1 β 2 π 2 + πβ andπ22 2 = 1 2 +π π+1 2 π2 + πβ 2 1 2 2 β4 π πβ 2 (29b) To be physically meaning the value of p that satisfies the bound state solution is π22 expressed in equation (29b). By inserting the value of π22 in equation (29b) into equation (23) we obtain the πΌ 2 π π+1 π +π 2 1 0 π= β π22 + 4 πΌ2 By using π = π + 2π together with the values of π(s) and π we obtain 1 π2 = βπ + 2 βπ π2 + 2 + 1 2 π πβ = βπ 2π2 + 2 + π2 (30) 1 2 2π π β (31) π2 Now by using the values of π(s), π, k, π(π ) and π(π ) we get, π= πΌ 2 π π+1 π 0 +π 2 πΌ2 1 1 + 4 β π22 β π2 β 2 (32) π π β1 2 Andπ = ππ = βπ β2π β 2 β 2 β2 = 2ππ + π + π (33) From equations (32) with (33) we have 1 Orπ 2 = πΌ 2 (π2 + π + 2)2 βπΌ 2 π π + 1 π0 (34) For bound state solution the value of p2 which is chosen from equations (29b) that satisfies equation (34) is 1 2 +π π+1 β 2 π2+ π β π = π2 = 2 1 2 1 +π π+1 β4 π π β 2 2 π2+ π β 2 (35) 2 By inserting equations (16) and (35) into equation (34) we get the energy spectra of Scarf potential plus trigonometric Poschl-Teller potential given as 2 π 2 + πβ βπ πΈπ = ππ΄ πΌ 2 1 2 +π π+1 2 1 2 +π π+1 2 π 2 + πβ β 2 1 2 2 β4 π πβ 2 1 +π+2 β π π + 1 π0 (36) For special case, π = 0, the value of p is π= 1 2 πβ2 1 = πβ2 (37) and so we get the usual energy spectra of trigonometric Scarf potential given as βπ πΈπ = ππ΄ πΌ 2 (π + π)2 (38) The energy spectrum of the trigonometric Scarf potential for l = 0 is in agreement with the result derived using Supersymmetric QM.[26,27] The energy eigenfunctions are obtained using equations (4), (9), and (10). By inserting equations (21) and (31) into equation (10) we obtain the weight function π(π ) 1 2 β² β2π π + (1 β π )π = π β2π β 2 + 2π π β 2 π π and after integrate it we get 1 +π 2 2 π βπ π β 1 +π 2 2 π 1 +π 2 2 π π πβ 1 +π 2 2 π βπ π β π πβ π = (1 β π ) (1 + π ) = (1 β πππ πΌπ) (1 + πππ πΌπ) (39) The first part of the energy eigenfunction obtained by inserting equations (21) and (28) into equation (4) is 1 +π 2 1 2 + 2π 4 βπ π β π π = (1 β π ) π 1 + 2 4 1 βπ πβ +π 2 2 = (1 β πππ πΌπ) whereπ = π (1 + πππ πΌπ) 1 +π 2 1 2 + 2π 4 π πβ 1+π = (1 β π ) π 1 + 2 4 1+π πΏ 1 + 2 4 = βπ + π , πΏ = πΏ 1 + 2 4 (40) 1 2 π πβ +π 2 π = π+π www.iosrjournals.org (41) 16 | Page Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential With The Poschl β From equations (32) and (41) we get 1 2 +π 2 π 2+ π β π=β π+1 1 2 +π 2 π 2+ π β + 2 π+1 2 1 2 + 2 1 2 +π π+1 2 π 2 + πβ πΏ= 1 2 +π π+1 2 2 π 2 + πβ + 1 2 +π 2 π 2 + πβ β4 π π β β4 π πβ π 2 + πβ + 2 β 1 2 +π 2 π 2 + πβ 2 π+1 1 2 1 2 +π π+1 2 β 1 2 +π π+1 2 π 2 + πβ 2 β4 π π β 2 2 1 2 π+1 2 (42a) 1 2 2 β4 π πβ 2 (42b) and 1 2 +π π+1 2 π2+ π β π= 1 2 +π π+1 2 π 2 + πβ β 2 2 1 2 β4 π πβ = 2 π +πΏ (42c) 2 The second part of the wave function is obtained using Rodrigues relation expressed in equations (9). By substituting equations (21) and (39) into equation (9) we get π¦π π = π¦π π = (1 β π ) 1 1 βπ π β +π 2 π π β +π 2 ππ π 2 2 π π (1βπ ) (1+π ) π πΆπ π π+π (1βπ )π (1+π )πΏ ππ π (π ,πΏ) ππ ππ 2 ππ ! ππ π (π ,πΏ) andππ 1 +π 2 2 +π π π πβ (1 + π ) (43a) (1 + π )πΏ +π (1 β π ) π¦π π π = πΆπ π β1 1 +π 2 2 +π π βπ π β ππ πΆπ (43b) ` (π )(43c) (π ,πΏ ) ππ π (π ) πππ β πΌπ = is the Jacobi polynomial and π¦π π is normalized. From equation (43a) we get the first four of second part of radial wave function or Jacobi polynomials as follows: π¦0 π = πΆ0 π¦1 π = πΆ1 β π + πΏ + 2 π + πΏ β π (44a) π¦2 π = πΆ2 π + πΏ + 4 π + πΏ + 3 π 2 β 2 πΏ β π π + πΏ + 3 π + πΏ β π 2 β π + πΏ + 4 (44b) The radial wave function reduce to Finally the complete radial wave function obtained by using equation (2), (40), (41) and (42a) is given as ππ π π = ππ π π = πΆπ π β1 π 1 + 2 4 πΏ 1 + 2 4 ππ 2π π ππ ! (1 β π ) π 1 + 2 4 1+π πΏ 1 + 2 4 (π ,πΏ) ππ π (π ) (π ,πΏ) = π΅π π (1 β π ) 1+π ππ (π ) (45) whereπ΅π is the new normalisation factor of the radial wave function and it is determined by normalization condition πΌπ =π π =1 ππ ππ π (π)ππ (π) ππ = π =β1 ππ π (π )ππ (π ) = πΏπ π π (46) πΌπ =0 2 πΌ 1βπ Inserting equation (43) into equation (41) we get β1 π΅π π (1 1 π΅π π 2 πΌ Since β π ) π 1 + 2 4 1 (1 β π )π β1 1 (1 β π )π β1 πΏ 1 + 2 4 1+π (π ,πΏ) 1 + π πΏ ππ 1+π (π,πΏ ) ππ (π )π΅π (1 β π ) (π ,πΏ) (π )ππ π 1 + 2 4 1+π πΏ 1 + 2 4 (π ,πΏ) ππ (π ) ππ βπΌ 1βπ (π +1) (π ) ππ = 1 (π ,πΏ ) πΏ (π,πΏ ) ππ (π )ππ (π ) ππ = = πΏπ π π (47) 2 π+πΏ +1 Ξ π π +π+1 Ξ(π π +πΏ +1) 2π π +π +πΏ +1 Ξ(π π +π+πΏ+1) (48) then from equation (42) we obtain the normalization constant of the wave function as π΅π = πΌ 2π π +π +πΏ +1 Ξ(π π +π+πΏ+1) (49) 2 π+πΏ +1 Ξ π π +π+1 Ξ(π π +πΏ+1) For l = 0, equations (42a) and (42b) become 1 1 π = π β 2 β πandπΏ = π β 2 + π By inserting equation (50) into equation (45) and setting ππ = 0 then equation (45) becomes π βπ π +π πΌπ (50) πΌπ π0 π = π΅0 (1 β π ) 2 1 + π 2 = π΅0 (π ππ ) πβπ (πππ ) π+π (51) 2 2 Equation (51) is ground state wave function of trigonometric Scarf potential which is in agreement with the result obtained using SUSY quantum mechanics. The energy eigenvalue expressed in equation (36) is rewritten as www.iosrjournals.org 17 | Page Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential With The Poschl β βπ πΈπ = ππ΄ πΌ 2 π+πΏ 2 1 2 +π+2 β π π + 1 π0 (52) withπ = π π β 1 + π2 + π + 2ππ which is obtained from the solution of angular Schrodinger equation. The nergy spectrum calculated using equation (52) are listed in Table 2. The energy eigenvalues in equation (52) and the complete radial wave function expressed in equation (45) both as a function of πandπΏ parameters and in turn the πandπΏ parameter depend on the value of potential parameters, a and b, and also orbital momentum number l therefore both the energy spectrum and the radial wave functions are function s of potentialβs parameters and orbital quantum number. The radial wave functions reduce to the wave function for Scarf potential plus centrifugal term by the absent of Poschl-Teller potential. The Jacobi polynomials and the radial wave functions with/without the presence of Poschl-Teller potential are listed in Table 1. Table 1. The Jacobi Polynomials and Unnormalized Radial Wave Functions for Scarf plus Poschl-Teller Non Central Potential nl m π π l a b ππ π + πΏ πΏ β π π¦π π π π π π π = ππ π π¦π π π 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1.5 1 (1 β π ) 0.5 1 + π 1.5 (1 β π ) 0.5 1 + π 1.5 πΆ1 β 5 π πΆ β 5 π + 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1.5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1.5 1 πΆ2 42π 2 β 24s β 3 2 0 0 0 4 2 1 1 0.32 4.8 πΆ1 (-2.64s +9.6) nl m π π l a b 2 0 0 0 4 2 1 ππ π + πΏ πΏ β π 2 2 2 0.32 4.8 2 1 0 0 5 2 1 1 0.35 2 1 2 0 5.7 2 1 1 0.23 2 1 0 4 9 2 1 1 0.16 2 1 2 4 9.7 2 1 1 7.31 2 0 2 0 5.4 2 1 1 0.24 5.7 6 6.4 3 9.6 6 7.3 2 6.1 4 (1 β π ) (1 β π )β2 +9.6) π¦π π π + 2) πΆ2 42π 2 β 24s β 3 1 + π 2.31 πΆ1 (-2.64s 0.5 1+π 1.5 π π π π = ππ π π¦π π π C1(16.9s2-69.9s87.52) πΆ1 (--2.7s + 11.52) (1 β π )β2 1 + π 2.31 (16.9s269.9s-87.52) (1 β π )β2.45 1 + π 3.30 πΆ1 (--2.7s + 11.52) πΆ1 (-2.46s + 12.86) (1 β π )β2.85 1 + π + 12.86) πΆ1 (-2.32s + 19.32) (1 β π )β4.5 1 + π C (-16.62s +14.64) (1 β π ) 0.24 1 + π 7.57 πΆ1 (β16.62s + 14.64) (1 β π )β2.7 1 + π 3.44 πΆ1 (-2.48s + 12.28) πΆ1 (-2.48s + 12.28) 3.58 5.16 πΆ1 (-2.46s πΆ1 (β2.32s + 19.32)) Table 2. The First and 2nd Excited State Of Scarf l 0 1 2 3 3.4 4 5 5.4 5.7 6 7.4 9 9.7 a 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 b 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 π+ πΏ 2 1.5 0.69 0.5 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.35 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.19 0.16 0.14 E1 β2 πΌ2 2π 4 4.63 3.5 2,57 2.17 1.64 0.92 0.15 -0.18 -0.54 -2.32 -4.74 -5.96 www.iosrjournals.org E2 β2 2π πΌ2 16 10.01 8.5 7.35 6.87 6.28 5.62 4.63 4.27 3.9 2.06 -0.42 -2.68 18 | Page Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential With The Poschl β 3.2 The Solutionofangularschrodinerequationfor Scarftpotentialcombined Withnon Central PoschlTeller Potential. The angular Schrodinger equation in equation (14b) is rewritten as 1 π π 2π ππ π π β1 π(π β1) π πππ ππ β π ππ 2 π β π ππ 2 π + πππ 2 π π + π π + 1 π = 0 (49) wherel(l+1) is separation constant. By making a variable transformation πππ 2π = π₯ in equation (49) the we get π πππ ππ π 2π 1 β π₯2 1 β ππ₯2 3 ππ +2π₯ 2 ππ 2 π π β1 +π 2 1+π₯ β + 4(1βπ₯ 2 ) 2π(π β1)(1βπ₯) 4(1βπ₯ 2 ) β π π+1 (1βπ₯ 2 ) 4(1βπ₯ 2 ) π=0 (50) The form of equation (50) is similar to the equation (1) thus we have 1 3 π = 1 β π₯2 , π = β 2 + 2 π₯ {2 π π β1 +π 2 +2π (πβ1)βπ π+1 π=β + 4 Using equations (5) and (51) we obtain π= 1βπ₯ 4 2 π π β1 +π 2 β2π(πβ1) 4 2 π π β1 +π 2 +2π(πβ1)βπ π+1 ± 4 +π+ 1 16 + π₯+ π π+1 4 (51a) π₯2 } (51b) 2 π π β1 +π 2 β2π(π β1) 4 β 1 8 π₯+ π π+1 4 βπ+ 1 16 π₯2 (52) The quadratic expression under the root of equation (52) must be square of first degree polynomial therefore equation (42) can be rewritten as 1βπ₯ π= 4 π π+1 ± 1 β π + 16 4 π₯+ 2 π π β1 +π 2 β2π (π β1) 1 β 4 8 π π+1 1 2 βπ+ 4 16 (53) and the discriminate of the quadratic expression under the square root must be zero, that is 2 π π β1 +π 2 β2π (πβ1) 1 2 π π+1 1 2 π π β1 +π 2 +2π(π β1) β 8 β 4 4 β π + 16 4 To calculate the values of k in equation (54) we set 2 π π β1 +π 2 2π(π β1) 1 π= andπ‘ = 4 + 8 = 4 and so from equation (54) we obtain π1 = 1 2 2 π+ 4 πβ π‘ β πβ 4 1 +8β π π+1 4 1 + π β 16 = 0 (54) 1 2 2 (55) 2 2 (56a) 2 1 2 π+ 2 2 π+ π‘ π2 = 4 β 2 Therefore from equation (53) and (56) and by imposing the condition that π β² < 0 we obtain π1 = βπ₯ πβ π‘ 2 π+ π‘ 1 π+ π‘ 1 2 πβ π‘ +4 β 1 + 4forπ1 (57a) 1 π2 = βπ₯ + 4 β 2 + 4 forπ2 2 By using equations (8), (57a) and (57b) we obtain π1 = β2π₯ πβ π‘ 2 π+ π‘ π+ π‘ +1 β2 2 πβ π‘ forπ1 (56b) (57b) (58a) π2 = β2π₯ +1 β2 forπ2 (58b) 2 2 By using equations (6), (7), (56), (57), and (58) we obtain the new eigenvalues π1 = π2 = and 1 2 2 π+ 4 1 2 π+ 2 4 β β π1 = ππ = 2π πβ π‘ 2 β 2 π+ π‘ 2 β 2 πβ π‘ 2 π+ π‘ πβ π‘ 2 π+ π‘ 2 + 1 forπ1 (59a) + 4 forπ2 (59b) 4 1 + π π + 1 for k1 (60a) π2 = ππ = 2π + π π + 1 for k2 2 The orbital quantum number is obtained from equations (59) and (60) as 1 π + 2 = ±2 1 2 π π β1 +π 2 β π β 2 1 + π + 2 for k1 (60b) (61a) and 1 π + 2 = ±2 1 2 π π β1 +π 2 + π β 2 1 + π + 2 for k2 To have physical meaning, the proper choice of l is the values obtained from k2 thus π= π π β 1 + π2 + π + 2ππ www.iosrjournals.org (61b) (62) 19 | Page Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential With The Poschl β The first part of the wave function obtained by using equations (4) and (53b) is π π‘ 1 + π=β‘ (1 β π₯) 2 β‘ (1 + π₯) 2 4 (63) The weight function for the second part of the wave function obtained by using equations (10), (51a) and (58b) is 2 π 2 π‘ π = (1 β π₯) 2 (1 + π₯) 2 (64) By using equations (9), (10) and (64) we obtain the second part of the angular wave function given as π¦π π₯ = ππ πΆπ ππ π₯ π π₯ π π₯ ππ₯ π 2 π ππ πΆπ = (1 β π₯) 2 π‘ ππ₯ π (1βπ₯) 2 (1+π₯) 2 2 π 2 +π 2 π‘ +π 2 (1 + π₯) = π΅π ππ πΌ,π½ (65) πΌ,π½ whereππ is the Jacobi polynomial, and π΅π = πΆπ (β1)π 2π π!, πΌ = 2π, π½ = 2π‘ From equations (2), (63) and (65) we obtain the complete angular wave function as πΌ π½ 1 (66) πΌ,π½ π π = π΅π (1 β π₯)2 (1 + π₯) 2 +4 ππ (π₯) (67) The normalization factor Bn is obtained from the normalization condition of angular wave function which is expressed in equation (67) as π π π ππ π π πππππ = πΏππ (68) 0 π By inserting equation (67) into equation (68) we have β 1 π΅ (1 β1 π πΌ π½ 1 πΌ,π½ β π₯)2 (1 + π₯) 2 +4 ππ ππ₯ 1+π₯ Since π πππππ = β4πππ π = β4 π΅π π΅π 1 (1 β1 2 πΌ,π½ πΌ π½ 1 (π )π΅π (1 β π₯)2 (1 + π₯) 2 +4 ππ πΌ,π½ ππ (π₯) π πππ ππ₯ ππ₯ = πΏππ (69) = β2 2 1 + π₯ , then equation (69) can be rewritten as πΌ,π½ β π₯)πΌ (1 + π₯)π½ ππ (π₯)ππ (π₯) ππ₯ = πΏππ Then the normalization factor obtained from equation (70) is 2 2 (70) 2π +πΌ+π½ +1 π !Ξ(π +πΌ+π½ +1) π΅π π = 2 (71) 1 πΌ +π½ β 2 Ξ π+πΌ+1 Ξ(π +π½ +1) The total wave function of the system is obtained from equations (45), (49), (67), and (71) and is given as π(π, π, π) = π΅π π π·π (1 β π ) π 1 + 2 4 1+π πΏ 1 + 2 4 (π ,πΏ) ππ π πΌ π½ 1 πΌ,π½ (π )(1 β π₯) 2 (1 + π₯) 2 +4 ππ π (π₯) (72) Table 3.The First and Second Degree of Jacobi Polynomials with/without The Presence of Non-Central PoschlTeller Potential and The Related Un-Normalized Angular Wave Function, π¦1 π₯ and π¦2 π₯ Obtined from Equation (73b) and (73c) nl m 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 π 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 π 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 l 2 3 3.4 4 7.4 4 5 2π 0 1 1.4 0 1.4 0 1 π¦π π π₯ 2π‘ β0.5 β1.5π₯ β 0.5 β0.5 β2.5π₯ β 1.5 β0.5 β2.9π₯ β 1.9 1.5 β3.5π₯ + 1.5 3.5 β6.9π₯ + 2.1 -0.5 8.75π₯ 2 + 2.5x β 3.25 -0.5 15.75π₯ 2 + 10.5x β 2.25 2 1 2 0 5.7 1.7 -0.5 2 1 0 4 9 1 3.5 2 1 2 4 9.7 1.7 3.5 2 0 2 0 5.3 1.4 -0.5 2 0 0 2 6 0 1.5 2 21.84π₯ + 18.48x β 0.36 63.75π₯ 2 + 37.5x β 2.25 75.44π₯ 2 + 29.52x β 5.96 19.11π₯ 2 + 14.82x β 1.29 24.75 π₯ 2 β 13.5x β 3.25 www.iosrjournals.org πππ π β 3πππ 2 π β 1 βπ πππ 5πππ 2 π β 1 π ππ1.4 π β2.9πππ 2π β 1.9 πππ 2 π β3.5πππ 2π + 1.5 1.4 π π π π ππ π 4 π β6.9πππ 2π + 2.1 8.75πππ 2 2ΞΈ + 2.5πππ 2π β 3.25 15.75cos2 2ΞΈ + 10.5cos2ΞΈ π πππ β 2.25 π π π 1.7 π 21.84cos2 2ΞΈ + 18.48cos2ΞΈ β 0.36 π πππππ π π 63.75cos2 2ΞΈ + 37.5cos2ΞΈ β 2.25 π π π 1.7 πππ π 4 π 75.44cos2 2ΞΈ + 29.52cos2ΞΈ β 5.96 π π π 1.4 19.11cos2 2ΞΈ + 14.82cosΞΈ β 1.29 ππ π 2 π 24.75cos2 2ΞΈ β 13.5cosΞΈ β 3.25 4 20 | Page Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential With The Poschl β ο3 ο2 1 ο1 ο5 2 3 5 πππππ π½ = πππ = π. ππ ππππ π½ + ππππ π½ β ππππππ½ππππ π½ + π. π(ππππ π½βππππ π½) β π. ππ π π ο4 ο2 ο3 ο2 ο1 1 2 3 2 4 πππππ π½ = πππ = ππππ½ βππ. ππ ππππ π½ + ππππ π½ β πππππ π½πππππ½ β ππ. π(ππππ π½βπππππ½) + π.π βππ. ππ ππππ π½ + ππππ π½ β ππππ π π½ππππ π½ β ππ. ππ(ππππ π½βππππ π½) + π. ππ ο4 ο2 ο3 ο2 ο1 1 2 3 2 4 πππππ π½ = πππ.π = ππ.ππ ππππ½ ο2 ο1 ο5 1 2 5 πππππ π½ = πππ = ππ.ππ ππππ π½ βππ. ππ ππππ π½ + ππππ π½ β ππππ π π½ππππ π½ + ππ. π ππππ π½βππππ π½ + π. ππ Figure 1. Polar Diagram Of π π π With/Without The Presence of Poschl-Teller Potential and The Corresponding The Three Dimensional Polar Representations of Absolute Values of Angular Function. The Effect Of 2 πππ ππ π Is Similar With The Effect of M, Magnetic Quantum Number Which Change The Direction of Angular Momentum In Z Direction, As Shown In Figures (B) And (C), While The Effect of π ππ 2 π www.iosrjournals.org 21 | Page Approximate Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Trigonometric Scarf Potential With The Poschl β Construction of Jacobi polynomials The first three un-normalized Jacobi polynomials obtained from equation (65) are π¦ 0 π₯ = πΆ 0 (73a) π¦ 1 π₯ = πΆ 1 β 2π β 2π‘ β 2 π₯ + 2π‘ β 2π π¦ 2 π₯ = 2π + 2π‘ + 4 2π + 2π‘ + 4 (73c) 2 2π + 2π‘ + 3 π₯ β 2 2π‘ β 2π 2π + 2π‘ + 3 π₯ + (73b) 2π‘ β 2π 2 β The first and second order of Jacoby polynomials with and without the presence of Poschl-Teller potential determined analytically using equations (73b) and (73c) and its corresponding polar wave function are presented in Table 2. By the absent of Poschl-teller potential the angular wave functions reduce to associated Legendre function but only for which the different values of l and m are even number as shown in the 1st, 2nd, 6th and 7th rows. The effect of the presence of Poschl-Teller potential is described using the polar diagram of the angular wave function and three dimensional representation of the absolute value of the angular wave function as shown in Figure 1. The only significant effect of the presence of Poschl-Teller potential to the angular wave function is coming from the π π π 2 π term as shown in figure 1 (d). The π π π 2 π term causes the increase of the orbital quantum number thus change the degeneracy number.[28,29] IV. Result And Discussion The presence of Poschl-Teller non-central potential simultaneously with Scarf potential causes increases the orbital quantum number and decreases the energy levels of Scarf potential. By setting π = π = π = 0 the energy spectrum and the radial wave function of the non-central potential reduces to the energy spectrum and wave function of Scarf potential. For π = π = 0 the angular wave function of Scarf potential with Poschl-Teller reduces to associated Legendre polynomials with l and m differed by even numbers. Both the radial or angular wave functions are expressed in Jacobi polynomials and the angular wave function is normalized. It may be concluded that there is an effect of the presence of Poschl-Teller potential to the system governed by Scarf potential, therefore the Poschl-Teller non-central potential can be considered as the perturbation part. V. Conclusion It has been shown that the Schrodinger equation of Scarf potential with Poschl-Teller non-central potential is solved approximately using NikiforovβUvarov method with suitable coordinate transformation. The energy spectrum of the system is obtained in the closed form and the radial and angular wave function is expressed in Jacobi polynomials. The presence of Poschl-Teller non-central potential causes the decrease in energy spectrum of Scarf potential and increases the orbital quantum number. Acknowledgements This work is partially supported by Hibah Pascasarjana Sebelas Maret University grant No. 2910/UN27.10/PG/2012. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] R.I. Greene and C. Aldrich, Variational wave function for a screened Coulomb potential, Phys. Rev. A 14(6) , (1976) 2363 S.M. Ikhdair and R. server, Approximate eigenvalue and eigen function solutions for the generalized Hulthen potential with any angular momentum, J. Math. Chem., 42(3) (2007) 461-471 A.N. Ikot and L.E.Akpabio, Approximate solution of the Schrodinger solution with Rosen-Morse potential including the centrifugal term, App. Phys. Res, 2(2) (2010) 202-208 H. Goudarzi and V. 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