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Address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1900 There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement. (Lord Kelvin, 1900) ©Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk. All that remains to do in physics is to fill in the sixth decimal place (Albert Michelson, 1894) What did we know about science, the world and the universe in 1900? What has been discovered in physics since 1900? Fortunately… ‘No matter how we may single out a complex from nature...its theoretical treatment will never prove to be ultimately conclusive... I believe that this process of deepening of theory has no limits.’ (Albert Einstein, 1917) Lord Kelvin did have a little idea… … he mentioned two ‘clouds’ on the horizon of physics: 1) blackbody radiation 2) the Michelson–Morley experiment. Kinetic theory, Thermodynamics Boltzmann Particles Maxwell Universe Fields Electromagnetic 1895 e- Brownian motion 1900 1905 Geiger n e+ Cosmic rays Quantum mechanics Wave / particle Fermions / Bosons p+ Fermi BetaDecay Yukawa π exchange Spin Antimatter μ- 1980 General relativity Cloud Galaxies; expanding universe Cyclotron Dark Matter Nuclear fusion τ- Synchrotron P, C, CP violation QED p- 1975 Accelerator Radioactivity Photon π 1970 Detector Special relativity 1930 1960 Strong Nucleus 1920 1950 Weak Technologies Atom 1910 1940 Newton Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Particle zoo νe W bosons Cosmic Microwave Background Higgs νμ τντ u d EW unification s GUT c STANDARD MODEL b Superstrings g W 1990 3 generations e+e- collider Wire chamber Beam cooling QCD Colour SUSY Bubble Chamber Online computers p+p- collider Inflation Modern detectors Z CMB Inhomgeneities (COBE, WMAP) WWW t 2000 2010 Dark Energy (?) ν mass GRID What are the most important questions that physics is asking? © CERN http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/910381/ Three fundamental questions drive the research at CERN Where do we come from? What are we made of? What is the future of the universe? What do you need to be successful in Higher Physics? What do you need to be successful ? Alvaro de Rujula, theoretical physicist, CERN It pays not to know very much (no preconceived ideas!) Challenge what you do know (let go of your misconceptions) Be young (most big discoveries are made by scientists early in their careers) How Higher Physics students view physics Physics learning climbing wall 1/2mv2 What am I doing here? mgh CERN February 2010 CERN RCUK Teacher Programmes Taking you on a tour … or a journey Waves Our Dynamic Universe Particles Researching Physics Uncertainties NABs Electricity CERN February 2010 Skills Electronics CERN RCUK Teacher Programmes And remember... to study physics © Mary Evans Picture Library ‘The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.’ (Arthur C. Clarke, author of 2001 : A Space Odyssey)