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The Rise of Hitler and Nazism Today’s Standard 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I. Essential Question How did Hitler and Nazi’s gain power in Germany during the 1930’s? Weimar Republic Rise and Fall • Weak democratic gov’t in Germany led by a chancellor (prime minister) • faced weak leadership and severe inflation • People blamed the Weimar Republic for the hated Treaty of Versailles. • U.S. Depression cause German economy to collapse 30% unemployed Grave of Weimar republic Hitler in his mid to late 30’s Hitler & the Nazis • Nat’l Socialist German Worker’s Party, known as Nazis German brand of fascism • 1919 Hitler joined Nazi’s – Main goal is to overthrow Treaty of Versailles – He is chosen as der Führer (leader) of Nazis • Hitler organizes supporters into “storm troopers” to fight against political enemies Hitler’s Rise to Power • Nazis try to seize powerin the Beer Hall Puscht Hitler jailed • Mein Kampf (My Struggle) becomes blueprint for Nazis – Aryans = master race – Blamed all countries problems on Jews – Get Germany more Lebensraum (living space) Hitler Becomes Chancellor • Germans look for strong leader By 1932, Nazis largest political party • 1933 Hitler named chancellor Within 1 year he is dictator of Germany • Creates totalitarian state – Suspended civil rights – Disbanded all political parties – Executed disloyal Nazis • Night of Long Knives -June 30 July 2, 1934 – Hitler's Purge – 85 confirmed executions Germany becomes a Totalitarian state • SS (elite military unit) & Gestapo (secret police) terrorize, arrest, & kill A warrant disc identified an operative as Gestapo without revealing personal identity. • Propaganda, indoctrination, & censorship • Controlled all areas of German life Insignia pins worn on SS commissioned and non-commissioned officers’ hats • Enemies arrested or killed Nazi Propaganda Campaign against the Jews • Hatred of Jews (antiSemitism) • Nuremburg Laws- laws deprive Jews of rights including: – German citizenship; – marrying non-Jews; 1935 chart from Nazi Germany used to explain the Nuremberg Laws – attending or teaching at German schools; – practicing law or medicine; – publishing books Kristallnacht Violence against Jews -(Kristallnacht) “Night of Broken Glass” November 7, 1938 November 1938. Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at the Buchenwald concentration camp Kristallnacht 267 Synagogues burned or destroyed Jewish Cemeteries Desecrated by Nazis Nazi Ideology • Nazis indoctrinated young people with messages of racism, loyalty, and destroying enemies w/o mercy • Women were encouraged to have “pure blooded Aryan children” Adolf Hitler with a member of a Nazi youth organization • Nazis denounced Art, Jazz, and Religion Hitler w/ child