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History GCSE What you must know and understand! Germany at the end of WW1 £6.6 Billion Reparations 1 War Guilt Clause Why did the Germans hate the Treaty of Versailles? Poverty & unemployment Russia & Serbia started it! Land given to France & Poland Military cut to 100,000 men. No German troops in Rhineland Saar coalfields to France Loss of food & people Germany defenceless It’s part of Germany! Loss of important resources Threats to the Weimar Republic 1918-23 Surrender Rebellions Weak constitution Treaty of Versailles What threats were there to the new German democracy between 1918-1923? French occupation Hyper-inflation Munich Putsch Stab in the Back Theory Spartacists 1919 Freikorps 1920 Proportional Representation Article 48 £6.6 Billion Reparations 1922 refuse to pay French occupy Ruhr factories Money becomes worthless Nazi rebellion fails Stresemann & Golden 1920s New currency: Retenmark Dawes Plan 1924-29 Solutions Pay Reparations French withdraw Jobs for most Locarno Treaty accepts Versailles Germany allowed to join the League of nations Hyper-inflation French Occupation of the Ruhr Political isolation after WW1 Poverty Munich Putsch Reparations 1923 Problems How did Germany recover between 1924-29? How did the Wall Street Crash and the economic depression help Hitler into power? Hitler promises Work & Bread USA stop loans 8 Million unemployed Weimar Government too weak Violent chaos on the streets People want quick answers Nazis MPs 1928=13 1932=230 Democracy has failed Middle-class & Rich fear Communist Revolution Hitler promises Strong Government As leader of the largest party Hitler is made Chancellor How did Hitler increase his power between January 1933 and August 1934? HITLER BECAME CHANCELLOR Only 3 Nazis in the Government = Hitler is a ‘Puppet Leader’ OATH OF LOYALTY TO HITLER Army swear oath to obey Hitler. THE REICHSTAG FIRE Blamed on Communist. Communist Party Banned + leaders arrested. DEATH OF PRESIDENT HINDENBURG This removes the only person who could have sacked Hitler. Hitler combines President & Chancellor = Fuhrer THE ENABLING ACT Centre Party bribed to support Enabling Act. Hitler now dictator. Political Parties banned. Trade Unions banned. All key jobs to Nazis. THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES Rohm & SA leaders executed. Army now on Hitler’s Side. How did Hitler keep control of Germany? The Terror State Secret police called the Gestapo would spy on and arrest enemies of the state. SS were responsible for running the concentration camps. Everyone was scared of being arrested by the Gestapo and being put in a concentration camp. Propaganda Mass Rallies, Posters and Propaganda films. Keeping Control of Germany The Nazis controlled and censored the radio & newspapers. Popularity School children were indoctrinated with Nazi ideas at school. Ripping up the Treaty of Versailles. Creating Jobs Hitler Youth & the Young Maidens.