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Code Talker Joseph Bruchac Part II: Chapter 16-29 Pages 105-214 Summary When Ned takes part in Operation Cartwheel on Bougainville, he comments on the fact that he never sees the enemy during battles. Japanese soldiers, who believe they are fighting for the Empire of the Sun under Emperor Hirohito, willingly commit “banzai,” or suicide attacks. Harry Tsosie, a Navajo code talker, is killed by his own men after being mistaken for the enemy. To ensure the code talkers’ safety, the rules for sending messages are SEND, RECEIVE, ROGER, AND MOVE. The original code involved 265 words, but it has doubled by this point. Summary Continued Ned participates in missions on the Marianas Islands and Guam, where Japanese propaganda calls Marines “devils” who need to be tortured and killed. The code talkers’ role is so vital they are protected with the generals. After recovering from a gunshot wound to the shoulder, Ned’s next mission takes place on Pavavu in 1945, where the pesticide DDT is heavily used in fighting bugs, rats, and giant land crabs. Summary Continued People in the United States were often kept ignorant of things like “kamikaze” attacks to prevent morale from sinking. While Europeans adhered to the terms of the Geneva Convention and peacefully surrendered, the Japanese would commit suicide before surrendering. Ned is angered by the USA FOOD RELIEF boxes found in underground tunnels on Iwo Jima because he realizes the government has not given these supplies to the citizens who need it. Summary Concluded Ned fights on Mount Suribachi, where the famous picture of Marines planting an American flag was taken. He also fights on Okinawa, where the US loses 12,000 soliders and the Japanese military loses 110,000 soldiers and 80,000 citizens. Ned ends his Marine career at San Francisco where he receives messages about the aftermath of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Enemyway ceremony restores his balance, and Ned becomes a Navajo teacher. The crucial role of code talker communication held military forces together and allowed them to be victorious in WWII. Table Discussion Questions: 1. Describing the battle of Iwo Jima, Ned says, “Our Navajo nets kept everything connected like a spider’s strands spanning distant branches.” How does this simile describe the work of the code talkers? 2. Do you agree that giving nicknames to frightening things can make them seem more familiar and less frightening? Why or why not? 3. Comment on the narrator’s statement, “Never think that war is a good thing, grandchildren. Though it may be necessary at times to defend our people, war is a sickness that must be cured.”