Download 2. History of Judaism PPT

Comunicación y Gerencia
Judaism
A History
Important Terms
Judaism – Named after tribe of Judah
Jew – shortened form of Judean – member of tribe of Judah
Jehovah – God of the Jews
Hebrew – originally Habiru – “they who crossed over” referred
to people who crossed the desert and were respected – now the
language of the Jews
Scriptures – the sacred books of Judaism
Torah – the laws of Moses, first 5 books of Ta-Na-Kh
Star of David
The Star of David is the universal symbol of Judaism
The Star of David appears on synagogues, the state flag of
Israel, and Jewish ritual objects
The star is made of two triangles
Appeared early as the 960’s BC
During the Holocaust all Jewish people had
to wear the Star of David on their arm to show that they were
Jewish
The Hebrew term for the Star of David is “Magen David”
Who is a Jew?
Traditionally, a Jew is anyone who’s mother is a Jew
You can also be a Jew by conversion
A conversion ceremony is really just an “adoption” into the
family of Abraham and Sarah
The Ancient Israelites’ was passed on by the mother instead of
the father because you are always sure who the mother is
Jews are connected to each other by:
History
Culture
Beliefs
Traditions
Jewish Pre-Historic Period


3760 BCE - traditional date of
creation of world
Year 1 in Jewish calendar
HEBREW / ISRAELITE PERIOD
(2nd Millennium to ca. 539 BCE)

ca. 3000 - ca. 1000 BCE EGYPTIAN are overlords of
area that later belongs to
Jewish people, or today’s
Israel.

ca. 1800-1700 Foundations of Israelite
People under Patriarchs/
Ancestors; God promises
to give Holy Land to
Abraham’s descendants
Patriarchs

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1) ABRAHAM & Sarah
(+ her handmaid Hagar)
2) Isaac & Rebekah
(+ elder half-brother
Ishmael, son of Hagar)
3) Jacob = Israel (two
wives, Leah & Rachel, &
two handmaids, Zilpah &
Bilhah)
4) Twelve Sons of Jacob
= 12 Tribes of Israel
(Judah = "Royal Tribe";
Levi = "Priestly Tribe";
Joseph; Benjamin; etc.)
Jacob’s Sons
Moses & the Exodus Generation


ca. 1700-1300 - Israelites (a.k.a. Hebrews) in Egypt (since time of
Joseph, the "dreamer"); welcome at first, but later in slavery
ca. 1250 - MOSES and the Exodus –
 Plagues; Passover; Exodus from Egypt;
 Torah/Covenant on Mount Sinai;
 Wandering in the Desert for 40 years
United Kingdom of Israel:
The Golden Age

ca. 1030 - 12 tribes in one united
monarchy; first ruler King Saul;
continual war with Philistines

ca. 1000 - Jerusalem conquered by
King DAVID’s army; made capital of
all Israel; David expands kingdom;
God promises House of David will
rule Israel forever (2 Sam 7)

ca. 970 - First Temple built in
Jerusalem by David’s son, King
Solomon; worship centralized

ca. 930 - Death of Solomon; throne
succession struggles; kingdom
divides into two parts: North vs.
South
First Jewish Revolt

66-74 CE – Jewish war vs. Rome begins in Galilee &
Jerusalem


Recorded in Josephus’ Jewish War
70 CE – Jerusalem captured by Roman Army under
General Titus (Emperor Vespasian’s son); city burned;
Second Temple destroyed
The Origins of
Anti-Semitism
Europe in the Middle Ages
The Jews seen as “Other”
- Depicted in Medieval Christian Art
- Ecclesia carries a chalice, wears a crown, and carries a crucifix
- Synagoga carries the Torah scrolls, she is blindfolded and carries a
broken lance… - What does this demonstrate?
- Sometimes Synagoga carries a goat or sheep’s head
- The figures reflect the Christian belief, sometimes called
Supersessionism, that Jesus was the Jewish Messiah, and that Judaism
as a religion was therefore made unnecessary, by its own tenets, once
Christianity was established, and that all Jews should convert.
Ecclesia – the Church
Synagoga – The Jews
Jews: Sins, Punishment, Proofs
to Christianity

Jews sinned by their:

a) failure to recognize
Jesus
b) involvement in his death
Jews were punished by:
- destruction of the Temple
- loss of independence
- permanent exile

Consequences of their sins
served as proofs to truths of
Christianity
Continued…

4th Century

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6th Century

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“Jew” is a term of contempt
Sexual relations between Jews and Christians is outlawed
by the Church
Illegal for Jews to hold public office, employ Christians, or
show themselves in public during Holy Week
11th Century. – Crusades begin against the
Muslims; along the way Christian soldiers
massacre any Jews they can find

13th century:

Concern over social
mixing called for Jews to
wear special clothing to
identify and keep them
separate from Christians
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Germany: Conical Hats
Latin countries: Disks or
Star of David
14th century:

Jews become moneylenders since “usury” is
outlawed for Christians
(STEREOTYPE begins)
th
15

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
century : Host Desecration
Alleged that Jews
(ironically) believed that
the host was Jesus
Jews accused of
stealing the host and
stabbing it (reenacting
the crucifixion)
Many Jewish families
were burned at the
stake as a result of this
fear
th
16
century: Blood Libels

Allegations that Jews murder
non-Jews, especially Christian
children, in order to obtain blood
for the Passover or other rituals

Based on notion that Jews hate
Christianity

Alleged to commit murder for
ritual purposes to reenact the
crucifixion