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Hebrews
Abraham
2000BCE
• Made a covenant
(binding agreement)
with God that would
protect the Hebrews as
the “chosen people”
• Migrated with flocks of
sheep and goats to
Canaan/Palestine –
“land of milk and
honey”
Joseph
1800BCE
• Led Hebrews into Egypt
due to famine
• Later they became
enslaved
Moses
1300BCE
• Adopted son of pharaoh’s
daughter
• Led Hebrews out of Egypt
• Delivered Ten
Commandments
• Renewed covenant
• Defeated people of
Canaan
• Claimed land promised by
God
David
1000-961BCE
• Defeated Philistines
• United 12 tribes into a
single nation
• Made alliances with
neighbors
Solomon
961-922BCE
• Son of David
• Praised for wisdom
• Made Jerusalem a great
capital with a beautiful
palace and massive
temple
• After his death, the
kingdom split in two:
Israel and Judah
Hebrews were conquered by the Assyrians,
Babylonians, Hellenistic Greeks, and Romans
•66-70CE – Jews rebelled against Rome
•Jerusalem was destroyed again
•Jews were driven into exile = diaspora (scattering)
Hebrew beliefs evolved into Judaism.
• Monotheistic –
belief in a single,
all-knowing, allpowerful God
Recorded their laws and events in the sacred
text – the Torah
• Held “eye for an eye” principle.
• All people are equal before God.
• Ethical world view – people should
live moral lives
• Sabbath is on Saturday (begins
Friday night)
Synagogue – place of worship
Main Holidays
Rosh Hashanah
• Jewish New Year
• A time of
introspection
and repentance
– no work
allowed
Yom Kippur
• Day of Atonement
• Confession of sins
= forgiveness of
sins
• Day you are the
closest to God
Passover
• From Exodus
story when God
passed over the
Hebrews and
slew every first
born Egyptian
Chanukkah
• Celebration of Light
• After defeating the
Greeks there was
only enough temple
oil for one day, but it
miraculously lasted
for eight days
Shalom