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Ancient Egypt
The Pharaohs and Dynasties
Learning Goals

Describe the roles of selected individuals in the
process of change
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Narmer, Akhenaton, Hatshepsut
Explain how viewing events in chronological
order aids in understanding complex changes
Identify forces that tended to reinforce stability
and continuity

Theocracy, religion...
Geography of Egypt


Upper and Lower
Egypt
Black Land and Red
Land

The Nile River

Who ruled Egypt?

Was Egypt always
unified?
What was a Pharaoh?

The Pharaoh was the King of unified Egypt
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Pharaohs were also revered as living gods
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Pharaohs believed that they descendents of
gods
This is part of the concept of Divine Right, the
belief that you can rule because your god said
The pharaohs essentially had a theocratic
government, in that religion held the power of
the state above other institutions
A Time Line of Pharaohs
Predynastic
Period
3100-2650
BCE
Old
Kingdom
2650-2134
BCE
Middle
Kingdom
2040-1640
BCE
New
Kingdom
1550-1070
BCE
Thutmose I
Thutmose III
First
Intermediate
Period
2134-2040
BCE
Second
Intermediate
Period
1640-1550
BCE
Hyskos
Kings
Late
Dynastic
Period
1070-332
BCE
Macedonian
(Greeks)
332-48 BCE
Ptolemy I
Roman
45 BCE –
395 CE
Narmer (Menes)
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Circa 3100 BCE
The King that unified
Egypt
Established the
capital city of
Memphis
Created the first
Dynasty of Egypt
Djoser

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This power allowed
him to create the Step
Pyramid
Pyramid's became
the symbol of power
Circa 2650 BCE
Created a strong
central government
Khufu (Cheops)

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Circa 2580 BCE
Head of the 4th
Dynasty
The Great Pyramid at
Giza was constructed
for him
His sons Chephren
and Mycerinus built
the next two in Giza
The Pyramids at Giza
Hatshepsut
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
1479-1457 BCE
Possibly first female
ruler in the world
Wore a ceremonial
beard to fit the role
Temple in her honour
at Deir El-Bahri
What happened to
her?
Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV)
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1352-1336 BCE
Lead the Amarna
Revolution
Established new
capital at Tell el
Amarna
New religion built
around Aton, the sun
god
Sons Tutankhaton
and Horemheb
Tutankhamen (Tutankhaton or 'Tut')

1336-1327 BCE

Son of Akhenaton

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Changed name to
Tutankhamen,
dropped the 'aton'
Restored polytheistic
religion
Known as the “Boy
King”
Ramses II
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1279-1213 BCE
Last of the great
Pharaohs
Two major conflicts
with the Hittites
Made Thebes his
Capital City
Immortalized himself
through monuments
and building projects
Cleopatra VII
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51-30 BCE
Last of the Greek,
Ptolemy Dynasty
Allied with the
Romans: Julius
Caesar and Mark
Antony
Committed suicide
with Mark Antony