Download chapter 2 section 3

Chapter 2
Ancient
Egypt
Section 3
The Egyptian
Empire
Bell Ringer
Map of Kingdoms
The Middle Kingdom
Pharaohs lost control of Egypt in about 2300 B.C.
At that time, a new dynasty of pharaohs created a
capital at Thebes.
This began the Middle Kingdom, a time of
stability, prosperity, and achievement.
Egypt took control of other lands and forced
conquered people to send tribute, or forced
payments.
The Middle Kingdom
In this way, Egypt increased its riches.
During the Middle Kingdom, the arts, literature,
and architecture blossomed.
The Middle Kingdom ended when the Hyksos
attacked and conquered Egypt.
The Hyksos ruled until around 1500 B.C.,
when the Egyptian Prince Ahmose led a
revolt to drive the Hyksos out of Egypt.
The Middle Kingdom
This artwork with gold inlay from the Middle Kingdom
period shows a funeral boat.
Review Questions
Why do you think arts, literature, and architecture
flourished during the Middle Kingdom period?
It was a period of political stability and
economic prosperity.
The New Kingdom
During the New Kingdom period, Egypt grew richer and
more powerful.
Hatshepsut was the first woman to rule Egypt.
Trade grew during Hatshepsut’s reign.
Traders exchanged beads, tools, and
weapons for ivory, wood, leopard skins, and
incense.
Trade made Egypt wealthier.
The New Kingdom
Thutmose III became pharaoh after Hatshepsut’s
death.
Thutmose conquered more lands, and Egypt grew
richer from tributes.
Slavery became common in Thutmose’s reign.
Slaves had some rights.
They could own land, marry, and eventually
obtain freedom.
New Kingdom Video Clip
Queen Nefertiti 
 Queen Hatshepsut
Tuthmose III 
Ramses II 
 Amenhotep III
Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut Video Clip
Review Questions
How was Hatshepsut unlike other pharaohs?
She focused on trade instead of military
conquests.
The Legacies of Two Pharoahs
Amenhotep IV came to power in 1370 B.C.
Amenhotep felt priests were gaining too much
power.
He introduced a new religion with only one god.
Priests who did not follow the new religion
were removed from power.
The Legacies of Two Pharoahs
Most Egyptians refused to accept the new religion.
Amenhotep became so devoted to his new
religion that he neglected his other duties.
He did not act when the Hittites attacked
Egypt.
As a result, Egypt’s empire greatly
diminished.
The Legacies of Two Pharoahs
Tutankhamen, now called King Tut, was a boy ruler
who took power after Akhenaton died.
He ruled for only nine years
before his death.
In A.D. 1922, a British
archaeologist found
King Tut’s grave.
King Tut’s Tomb with wife
Ankhesenamun
King Tut’s Sacred Eye Necklace
 King Tut’s Shoes
King Tut’s Throne 
King Tut Video Clip
Review Questions
What happened as a result of the removal of the
priests?
The priests were experienced in ruling
Egypt. When Amenhotep neglected his
duties, the priests were no longer
available to make important decisions.
The End of the New Kingdom
Ramses II was one of the most effective pharaohs of
the New Kingdom.
During Ramses’s rule, many temples were built
throughout Egypt.
Temples were used for services.
Most Egyptians prayed at home because they
believed the temples were houses for the gods and
goddesses.
Inner Sanctuary of great temple of Ramses II
at Abu Simbel
Ramses II Statue at Great Temple Abu Simbel
Ramses II’s
Mummy
The End of the New Kingdom
After Ramses rule, Egyptian rule began to decline.
Egypt was attacked by neighboring groups and
eventually controlled only the Nile delta.
Beginning in the 900s B.C., Egypt was ruled by
the Libyans, then the people of Kush, and finally
the Assyrians.
Review Questions
In addition to religious purposes, what other purpose
did the temples serve?
The temples also served as banks. People
stored valuable items in the temples, such as
jewelry and oils.
Review Questions
What improvements did the Middle Kingdom rulers
make?
They added more waterways and dams for
irrigation, increased the amount of land used
for farming, built a canal between the Nile
River and Red Sea, and improved art and
architecture.
Review Questions
What purposes did temples serve in Egypt?
Temple were houses for gods and
goddesses, places for priests to perform
rituals, banks, and warehouses.
Review Questions
Evaluate What was unusual about the reign
of Hatshepsut?
She was the first woman to rule Egypt in
her own right.
Review Questions
Analyze How did Akhenaton upset the
traditional order?
He stopped worship of old gods in favor
of one god.
Ramses II