Download Secondary Instruction with Multisensory Algebra

Instructional and Behavioral
Interventions:
3-tiered approaches
Bradley S. Witzel, Ph.D.
Winthrop University
803-323-2453
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Characteristics of those who struggle
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Lack of strategic approaches to mathematics
Unorganized, impulsive, unaware of where to begin an
assignment
Unaware of possible steps to break the problem into a
manageable task, possibly due to the magnitude of the
task
Exhibit problems with memory (working memory)
Unable to focus on a task
Experience feelings of frustration, failure, or anxiety
Lack persistence to solve longer problems or personal
struggles
Attribute failure to uncontrollable factors (e.g., luck,
teacher's instructional style)
© Witzel, 2011
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What has been found to help
students with learning difficulties
► Teacher-directed
work with guided discovery
 Exogenous Constructivism (Moshman, 1982)
 Verbal and Concrete Prompts used to scaffold
(Kraayenoord & Elkins, 2004)
► Systematic
Instruction
(Bryant, Hartman, & Kim, 2003)
 Explicit instruction (Mercer et al, 1994)
 Strategy Instruction (Maccini & Hughes, 2000)
► Multisensory
(Maccini & Hughes, 2000; Maccini, Mulcahy, & Miller,
2007; Witzel, 2005; Witzel, Mercer & Miller, 2003; Witzel, Riccomini, &
Schneider, 2008)
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Learning Disabilities
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LD: The term 'specific learning disability'
means a disorder in one or more of the
basic psychological processes involved in
understanding or in using language,
spoken or written, which disorder may
manifest itself in the imperfect ability to
listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or
do mathematical calculations (IDEIA,
2004)
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Emotional Disabilities
ED: Emotional disturbance means a condition exhibiting one or more of the
following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked
degree that adversely affects a child's educational performance:
• An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or
health factors.
• An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships
with peers and teachers.
• Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances.
• A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.
• A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with
personal or school problems.
Emotional disturbance includes schizophrenia. The term does not apply to
children who are socially maladjusted, unless it is determined that they
have an emotional disturbance.
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Tiered Instruction
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This course
We will pull from research with students learning
disabilities and emotional disabilities to learn how
best to teach.
You will plan:
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5)
A full unit (academic and social-emotional)
A CRA math lesson
A task analysis (problem solving)
Cognitive strategies
Student-led IEPs
You will implement:
1)
2)
Possibly part or all of your plan
Graduate students – entire plan
You will problem solve:
1) Student ED case studies
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