Download CP Psych Ch 15

CP PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 15
Abnormal Behavior
Section 15Q1
Common Psychological Disorders
Mr. Freccia, NHS
Glencoe Publishers
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
• Abnormal refers to a deviance from the norm,
inability to adjust, or poor mental health
• Psychological Disorder is a “harmful
dysfunction” in which behavior is judged by
mental health professionals to be:
• atypical (plus behaviors below)
• disturbing (for the time period/culture)
• maladaptive (harmful to self/others)
• unjustifiable (not rational to others)
• Example - Smoking is a disorder/homosexuality is not
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
 Historically Perceived Causes
 movements of sun or moon
 evil spirits/demon possession
Ancient Treatments
 harsh/ineffective - exorcism,
caged like animals, beaten,
burned, castrated, mutilated,
blood replaced with animal’s
blood
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
Admission fees were charged to observe
mentally ill at St. Mary’s hospital (1700’s)
Mental patients were
restrained as a humane
way to regain sensibility
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
• Prior to 1980 disorders were classified as
either “neurosis” or “psychosis”
Neurotic Disorder (term seldom used today)
 usually distressing but person thinks
rationally and functions socially
 less debilitating than a “psychosis”
Psychotic Disorder
 person loses contact with reality
 experience irrational ideas and distorted
perceptions
 Similar to living out a daydream
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
DSM-IV: American Psychiatric
Association’s Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (4th Edition)
• the system for classifying
psychological disorders
• describes but does not explain the
cause of psychological disorders
• critics argue these labels are too
arbitrary and misused
• labels may cause more harm than
good for the individual
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
Anxiety Based Disorders can cause excessive worrying,
mood swings, and fear
• Generalized Anxiety: Generalized apprehension or
feeling that one is in danger
• Physical symptoms include muscle tension, inability to
relax, indigestion, diarrhea
• Phobias: Fear of an object or situation that is out of
proportion to the actual danger
• (Acrophobia/Heights)
• (Nyctophobia/Darkness)
• (Social Phobia/Embarrassment)
• Panic Disorders: Sudden unexplainable attacks of
intense fear and impending doom
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Causes
unwanted anxiety driven thoughts/actions
• Obsession: Uncontrollable, repetitive
pattern of thoughts caused by anxiety
• Compulsion: Irrational actions that are
repeatedly performed to reduce anxiety
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
Abnormal Psychology (15Q1)
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Longlasting anxiety caused by a traumatic event
• Overwhelms a person’s sense of normal
reality and ability to cope with the world
CP PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 15
Abnormal Behavior
Section 15Q2
Additional Disorders
Mr. Freccia, NHS
Glencoe Publishers
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)
• Somatoform Disorders: Anxiety based physical ills
with no apparent physical cause
• Conversion Disorder: Emotional difficulties
converted into loss of physical function
• Examples include deafness, partial paralysis,
blindness, numbness, ghost pain
• La belle indifference: Person accepts the physical loss
with relative calm
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)
• Hypochondria: Person in
good health becomes
preoccupied with imaginary
ailments
• Occurs mainly during young
adulthood, equally common
to men and women
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)
• Dissociative Disorders: Involves a
disturbance of a person’s conscious
experience
“Movie”
• Psychogenic Amnesia: Loss of identity “3 Faces of Eve”
possible attempt to escape life’s problems
• Psychogenic Fugue: Amnesia that is
coupled with active flight to a new
environment
• Multiple Personality: Person assumes two
or more distinct and separate identities
• Eve White, a famous example, displayed
24 personalities; no more than 3 at a time
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)
Mood Disorders
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)
• Mood Disorders: Exaggerated happy or depressed
moods hamper ability to function
• Depressive Disorder: Deep sadness, anxiety,
fatigue, with reduced ability to interact
• Single Episode Depression: Strikes deeply and
seriously in one dramatic episode
• Recurrent Depression: An extended or cyclical
pattern of serious depression
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)

Canadian depression rates
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)
 Few people who talk about suicide attempt it but most who
attempt it have talked about it (warning sign)
 More Whites Vs Blacks and Men Vs women commit suicide
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)
• Bipolar Disorder:
• Person becomes excessively or
inappropriately happy or depressed
• Manic-Type Reaction:
• Extreme elation, confusion,
distraction, with racing thoughts
• Depressive-Type Reaction:
• Overcome by feeling of failure,
worthlessness, despair
Abnormal Psychology (15Q2)
 PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises
and falls with emotional switches
Depressed state
Manic state
Depressed state
CP PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 15
Abnormal Behavior
Section 15Q3
Schizophrenia
Mr. Freccia, NHS
Glencoe Publishers
Abnormal Psychology
• Schizophrenia: Cognitive disorder resulting
in a considerable lost contact with reality
• Person is often confused with disordered
thoughts and perceptions, “like a dream”
• Delusions: False beliefs maintained contrary
to obvious evidence otherwise
• Hallucinations: False sensations in the
absence of appropriate stimulation
Abnormal Psychology
• Schizophrenia is classified into several
subtypes according to exhibited behavior
• Paranoid: Has “delusions of grandeur”, or “feels
persecuted” by people watching them
• Catatonic: May remain “motionless” for long
periods, unresponsive to external stimuli
• Disorganized: Incoherent speech, inappropriate
emotions, (giggle, laugh, cry)
• Undifferentiated: Primarily hallucinatory and
delusional with scrambled speech
• Remissive: Symptoms have completely gone away,
but will inevitably return
Abnormal Psychology
• Schizophrenia is a serious and permanent
disorder normally requiring hospitalization
• 1% of population develops schizophrenia
• 17% probability if mother is Schizo
• 48% if both parents are Schizo
• Indicates a strong genetic link
Abnormal Psychology
Schizophrenia affects about 1 in 100 people worldwide
Genetic predisposition/transmission found in current research
Abnormal Psychology
• Dopamine Hypothesis:
• Excess dopamine at
synapses is related to
diagnosis of Schizophrenia
• Difficult to tell if
chemical imbalance is the
cause or result of
schizophrenia
Dopamine Pathways
Abnormal Psychology
• Family Interaction Hypothesis:
• Pathogenic, unhealthy families
contribute to Schizophrenia
The Osbournes … Dysfunctional Family?
Abnormal Psychology
• Diathesis-Stress Hypothesis:
Genetic predisposition plus the
environment causes Schizo
•Nature
Nurture
(Genetic/Environment) debate
over the cause of Schizophrenia
continues
Dysfunctional Family
Excess Dopamine
CP PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 15
Abnormal Behavior
Section 15Q4
Personality Type Disorders
Mr. Freccia, NHS
Glencoe Publishers
Abnormal Psychology
• Autism: Infantile cognitive disorder; child
does not respond normally to outside stimuli
• Doesn’t respond to people; is slow to
communicate; has limited interests and
behaviors
Abnormal Psychology
• Personality Disorders: Inability to form meaningful
relationships with other people
 Antisocial Personality Disorder
 person (usually man) exhibits a lack of conscience
for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family
members (the jerk/thug)
 Often aggressive/ruthless/clever con artist
 Includes psychopaths/sociopaths
 Psychopathic cases are rare but do exist
Hannibal Lechter
Jeffrey Daumer
Ted Bundy
Abnormal Psychology
• Personality Disorders are characterized by inflexible
and enduring behavior patterns that impair social function
• Histrionic: Shallow attention-getting emotions in order
to gain praise/reassurance (drama queen)
• Narcissistic: exaggerate self-importance, may act with
rage or shame to any criticism (cocky/vain)
• Borderline: unstable identity, emotions (lost soul)
• Personality disorders are fairly common in our society, and
often goes untreated
Abnormal Psychology
• Drug Addiction: Disorder causing
physical, social, and psychological
dysfunction
Abnormal Psychology
• Psychological Dependence:
• Users mentally rely on
artificial sense of well-being
• Person becomes restless,
irritable, and uneasy when
deprived of the drug
Abnormal Psychology
• Addiction: The drug induced state becomes
the body’s “normal” state
• Without the drug the person experiences
extreme physical discomfort/illness
Abnormal Psychology
• Tolerance: Body adapts
to the drug so that
increased dosages are
required for a “high”
• Withdrawal: physical
and psychological upset
as body revolts against
the lack of drugs
Abnormal Psychology
• Alcoholism: The country’s most serious drug
addiction problem. There is no cure
• Produces psychological and physical dependence,
tolerance and addiction
• Delirium Tremens: Violent withdrawal symptoms
associated with alcoholism
• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA): Organization that helps
alcoholics to recover
Abnormal Psychology
Abnormal Psychology
• DSM IV: Uses five dimensions (Axes I-V) to
describe a person’s mental functioning `
•
•
•
•
•
Axis I: Classification Categories
Axis II: Developmental aspects of disorder
Axis III: Physical Dysfunction/medical conditions
Axis IV: Current functioning level
Axis V: Level of adaptation (Social, Occupational, Leisure)