Download my presentation for health week on bipolar disorder

Bipolar Disorder
BY
DR ABIODUN MARK AKANMODE.
What Is The Bipolar Disease?
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a psychiatric
diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the
presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood
clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania, and one or more
depressive episodes or symptoms, or mixed episodes in which features
of both mania and depression are present at the same time.
Who Has The Bipolar Disease?
• Has been estimated to affect more than 5 million
Americans about 3 out of every 100 adults.
• Around 5.7 million of American adults, and about 2.6% of
the population age 18 and older.
Types
There are several types of bipolar disorder; all involve episodes of depression and
mania to a degree. They include bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymiacs disorder, mixed
bipolar, and rapid-cycling bipolar disorder.
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Bipolar I
A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A
manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood, accompanied by abnormal behavior that
disrupts life.
Bipolar II
Bipolar II is similar to bipolar I disorder, with moods cycling between high and low over time.
However, in bipolar II disorder, the "up" moods never reach full-on mania.
Rapid Cycling
In rapid cycling, a person with bipolar disorder experiences four or more episodes of mania or
depression in one year. About 10% to 20% of people with bipolar disorder have rapid cycling.
Mixed Bipolar
In most forms of bipolar disorder, moods alternate between elevated and depressed over time.
But with mixed bipolar disorder, a person experiences both mania and depression simultaneously
or in rapid sequence.
Cyclothymia
Cyclothymia (cyclothymic disorder) is a relatively mild mood disorder. People with cyclothymiacs
disorder have milder symptoms than in full-blown bipolar disorder.
Causes
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Genetic
Childhood precursors
Life events and experiences
Neural processes
Neurotransmitter activity
Psychological processes
Symptoms of the manic phase of bipolar disorder.
The primary symptoms of bipolar disorder are dramatic and unpredictable mood
swings. It may include
- excessive happiness,
- excitement,
- irritability,
- restlessness,
- increased energy,
- less need for sleep,
- racing thoughts,
- high sex drive,
- and a tendency to make grand and unattainable plans
Symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar
disorder.
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sadness,
anxiety,
irritability,
loss of energy,
uncontrollable crying,
change in appetite causing weight loss or gain,
increased need for sleep,
difficulty making decisions,
and thoughts of death or suicide.
Complications & Warning Signs
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Self-injury, often referred to as cutting,
self-mutilation, or self-harm, is an
injurious attempt to cope with
overpowering negative emotions, such
as extreme anger, anxiety, and
frustration. It is usually repetitive, not a
one-time act.
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When a person's illness follows the
classic pattern, diagnosing bipolar
disorder is relatively easy. But bipolar
disorder can be sneaky. Symptoms
can defy the expected manicdepressive sequence.
Suicide is a very real risk for people
with bipolar disorder, whether they're
in a manic or depressive episode -10%-15% of people with bipolar
disorder kill themselves. But treatment
greatly lowers the risk.
Pharmaceutical Treatment & Psychosocial Treatment
• The mainstay of treatment is a •
mood stabilizer medication
such as lithium carbonate or
lamotrigine. There is an
evidence based review which
shows these two drugs are the
most effective. Lamotrigine has
been found to be best for
preventing depressions. ;
these two drugs comprise
several unrelated compounds
which have been shown to be
effective in preventing relapses
of manic, or in the one case,
depressive episodes.
Psychotherapy is aimed at alleviating
core symptoms, recognizing episode
triggers, reducing negative expressed
emotion in relationships, recognizing
prodromal symptoms before full-blown
recurrence, and, practicing the factors
that lead to maintenance of remission
Cognitive behavioural therapy, familyfocused therapy, and psycho education
have the most evidence for efficacy in
regard to relapse prevention, while
interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
and cognitive-behavioural therapy
appear the most effective in regard to
residual depressive symptoms. Most
studies have been based only on bipolar
I, however, and treatment during the
acute phase can be a particular
challenge. Some clinicians emphasize
the need to talk with individuals
experiencing mania, to develop a
therapeutic alliance in support of
recovery.
What We Learn about Bipolar Disease?
• The bipolar disease it’s not as fun as we
think, its dangerous we have to be careful
and don't play with this disease.
CONT’S
• Having bipolar disorder is just like having any other chronic disease
(such as diabetes or heart disease).
• People with bipolar disorder suffer from manic and depressive
episodes in their daily lives and have to constantly keep watch on
their condition.
• Victims of the illness are usually extremely tired or overly hyper and
are not in control of their brain functions.
• Their range of moods is abnormal. Without treatment, bipolar
disorder worsens quickly. Life is an “emotional roller coaster” for the
people with bipolar disorder.
• Fortunately, bipolar disorder comes with many treatment forms.
With the proper medication, education, and support, people with
bipolar disorder can manage and live normal lives.
NEVER GIVE UP
It will help patient to be inspired by
us, rather than the other way
around
MUCHAS GRACIAS AL
FINAL.