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Hormone controlled monthly cycle in the female Menstrual cycle Haploid sex cells formed in the male reproductive organs sperm A developing baby after the first two months of pregnancy until birth fetus Male organ that produces sperm and testosterone testes Mixture of sperm and a fluid that help sperm move and supplies them with an energy source semen Thin, liquid-filled protective membrane that forms around the embryo Amniotic sac Chemical produced by the endocrine system; released directly into the bloodstream by ductless glands hormones Hollow, muscular organ where a fertilized egg develops into a baby embryo Fertilized egg that has attached to the wall of the uterus embryo Monthly process in which an egg is released from an ovary and enters the oviduct where it can become fertilized by sperm ovulation Muscular tube that connects the lower end of the uterus to the outside of the body; the birth canal through which a baby travels when being born vagina Period of development; usually last 38-40 weeks in humans from fertilized egg until birth pregnancy Female reproductive organ that produces eggs and is located in the lower part of the body ovary Monthly flow of blood and tissue cells that occurs when the lining of the uterus breaks down and is shed menstruation As males mature sexually, what begins to produce sperm? testes A mixture of sperm and seminal vesicle fluids semen What system releases hormones into the bloodstream? endocrine During the first two months of development, the unborn child is known as the _____. embryo During the last seven months of pregnancy, the unborn child is known as the _______. fetus A fertilized egg is known as a ___________. zygote What is also called the birth canal? vagina Where does the fertilized egg develop? uterus What gland controls your body’s metabolism? thyroid What gland regulates growth? pituitary The negative-feedback system of the endocrine system works much like a __________ in your home. thermostat How often does a female release an egg? Once a month What is the process of egg release called _______. ovulation What happens inside the uterus as an egg matures in the ovary? The lining of the uterus thickens for the fertilized egg. If an egg isn’t fertilized, what happens to the egg and to the lining of the uterus? The egg is dissolved and the lining of the uterus is shed. How long does menstruation (not the entire cycle) last? 5-7 days Why are testes located on the outside of the body? To keep sperm at a cooler temperature What happens during menopause? Females do not ovulate What age does menopause usually occur? 45 What is another name for a chemical messenger? hormone What are the two parts of the sperm? Head and tail