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Thyroid gland - Provides homeostasis and metabolic regulation. - Increases consumption of O2 in the tissues - It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats - Supports protein synthesis - Provides growth and development particularly of the nervous system - It is important for thermoregulation, it has calorigenic effect Thyroid gland - Two types of hormones - There are the types of iodinated thyroxine - Thyroxine - T4 – tetrajodtyronin, 64.5 - 148 mmol/l - Triiodothyronine - T3 - 1.5-3 mmol/l - Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are synthesized on blood globulin - Molecular weight 650000 Thyroid gland - Iodide pump resorbs per day 75 μ iodide from the blood and it is actively transported to colloid - It is oxidized by peroxidase to molecular iodine, it is then bound to the amino acid tyrosin contained in the molecule of thyreoglobulin - It is called iodine organification - Condensation of iodine on T3 and T4 Thyroid gland - In blood thyroid hormones are in two forms: a) free - own effective hormone b) binding - depot hormone - binding globulin – TBG - thyroxine-binding globulin and triiodothyronine (that binds only to TBG) - binding to albumin – TBPA - thyroxinebinding prealbumin Thyroid gland - calcitonin is produced by cells that lie outside the thyroid follicles - reduces levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood and prevents its release from bones - regulates the level of magnesium Thyroid gland Hypothyroidism - endemic goiter, lack of iodine intake - autoaggressive - autoimmune thyroid damage thyreoiditis, Hashimoto Symptoms - decreased metabolism - hypothermia - sleepiness - constipation - mental retardation - dry skin - myxedema - shaped orange peel skin - goiter - hypofunctional dude Thyroid gland Strumigens - soybean - plants - lithium - calcium - drugs Thyroid gland Hyperthyroidism - Graves - Basedow's disease - hyperfunctional goiter - toxic adenoma (hot node) - rapid heart beating - tremor - muscle adynamia - neuropsychiatric symptoms - Basedow trias - goiter - tachycardia - exoftalamus (20%)
