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Transcript
4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 1 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system What are the structures of the endocrine system? Gland: an organ that produces & secretes hormones Thyroid Gland Pituitary Gland Thymus Gland Adrenal Glands Pineal Gland Gonads 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system Pancreas 2 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system Gland-any organ that produces a secretion called hormones -ductless -only act on target organ cells(which immediately cause a reponse in the 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system body) 3 The Pituitary Gland The Master Gland Size of a grape Located at the base of the brain 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 4 The Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland and its hormones Anterior lobe: 1. 2. Growth Hormone: fat for energy Prolactin Hormone: production of milk after birth in female breast tissue 3. TSH: growth and secretion of thyroid gland 4. ACTH: growth and secretion of adrenal cortex 5. FSH: estrogen in females and sperm in males 6. Luteinizing Hormone: progesterone in women & testosterone in man Posterior lobe: 1. 2. Vasopressin: antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin: released in childbirth to contract the uterus 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 5 Thyroid Gland Butterfly shaped Located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx, over the trachea (Thyroxine) Controls metabolism, protein synthesis (helps tissue growth), breakdown of liver glycogen into glucose Produces calcitonin: prevents hypercalcemia in blood 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 6 Parathyroid Glands Four glands Size of a grain of rice Attached to the posterior thyroids Increases number of osteoclast that invades hard bone; digests calcium in the bone & release it into the blood stream Antagonistic to the thyroid gland 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 7 Thymus Gland Serves both the endocrine system and the lymphatic system Located under the sternum Large during childhood but atrophy with age. Makes T-lymphocytes critical to the immune system 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 8 Adrenal Gland There are two adrenal glands. One is located on top of each kidney. Cortex – outside Corticoids: anti-inflammatory hormones Mineralcorticoids: hormone works on kidney functioning Glucocorticoids: conversion of protein and fats to glycogen in the liver & breakdown of glycogen into glucose Sex Hormones Medulla – inside Epinephrine (adrenaline) fight or flight 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 9 Gonads Sex glands Testes (male) Sperm and Testosterone Development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characterisitics 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 10 Gonads Sex glands: Ovaries (female) Estrogen and progesterone 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 11 Pancreas Located behind the stomach Both an endocrine and exocrine gland The endocrine portion is the Islets of Langerhans (produce insulin) Lack of insulin inhibits glucose to be utilized effectively which contributes to diabetes 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 12 Pineal Gland In third ventricle of brain Produces Melatonin (stimulated by nerves in the brain from the optic nerve) Increase light passage from optic nerve less melatonin made Darker more melatonin production Prostaglandin Produced in various tissues Named Prostaglandins because they were originally thought to be produced in the prostate 4.03 Remember Structures of the endocrine system What are the structures of the endocrine system? 4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system 15