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Osteoporosis Let’s Work Together to Get Bone Healthy! The Osteoporosis Problem: • Major health threat for an estimated 44 million people 50 years and older including – Hip – Vertebral (spine) – Wrist and other • 10 million estimated with osteoporosis • 34 million estimated with low bone mass (osteopenia) • 1 in 2 women and 1 in 4 men over 50 will have an osteoporosis-related fracture Source: National Osteoporosis Foundation Web site; retrieved October 2006 at http://www.nof.org OSTEOPOROSIS RESULTS IN: • Hip Fractures most devastating – One in five elderly people die within a year of the fracture – One in four become disabled – One in five must move to a nursing home within a year – Many become isolated and depressed Source: The 2004 Surgeon General’s Report on Bone Health and Osteoporosis; retrieved October 2006 at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bonehealth Osteoporosis Affects Women & Men of All Ethnicities • Men – 80,000 hip fractures/ year • Women of all ethnic backgrounds – One in twenty AfricanAmerican women – One in ten MexicanAmerican women • People of all ages – Increasing number of women in 20s-30s Source: The 2004 Surgeon General’s Report on Bone Health and Osteoporosis; retrieved October 2006 at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bonehealth What is Osteoporosis? Osteoporosis causes weak bones. Bones lose minerals like calcium. They become fragile and break easily. Normal Bone Bone with Osteoporosis Source: The 2004 Surgeon General’s Report on Bone Health and Osteoporosis; retrieved October 2006 at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bonehealth Why is Bone Health Important? Source: The 2004 Surgeon General’s Report on Bone Health and Osteoporosis; retrieved October 2006 at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bonehealth Bones are living active tissue • Calcium is needed for our bones daily. • Bones build to about age 30. • We need to build up our bones while young Risk Factors • • • • • • Being Female Advanced age Thin, small-boned Caucasian or Asian ethnicity Family history of osteoporosis Inactive lifestyle or extended bed rest Risk Factors • Abnormal menstrual history • Late menarche • Menstrual interruptions/irregularities • Early menopause (< age 45) • • • • Estrogen deficiency: menopause History of eating disorder/strict dieting Low testosterone levels (men) Low lifetime calcium intake Risk Factors • Certain medical conditions – Bone fracture after age 40 – Rheumatoid arthritis – Thyroid disorder – Parathyroid disorder – Poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes – Lactose intolerance – Digestion disorders Risk factors • Medication use – Long-term corticosteroid use – High doses thyroid hormone – Anti-seizure or epilepsy medications – Certain diuretics – Excessive aluminum-containing antacids – Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist 5 Steps to Better Bone Health National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends… 5 simple steps to prevent osteoporosis. Step 1 Balanced diet with daily recommended amounts of Calcium and Vitamin D. Calcium Age 0 to 6 months 7 to 12 months 1 to 3 years 4 to 8 years 9 to 18 years 19 to 50 years Over 50 years Calcium needed/day (mg) 210 270 500 800 1,300 1,000 1,200 Source: The 2004 Surgeon General’s Report on Bone Health and Osteoporosis; retrieved October 2006 at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bonehealth Vitamin D Main dietary sources of vitamin D are: • Fortified milk • Some fortified cereals • Cold saltwater fish (salmon, halibut, tuna, oysters & shrimp) • Some calcium and vitamin/mineral supplements Vitamin D is created when you skin is exposed to sunlight Step 2. Regular Exercise Step 3 Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol Step 4: Talk to your healthcare provider about bone health Step 5: Bone density testing and medication when appropriate. Testing is simple and painless Get a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Test . . . • All women age 65 and older • Younger postmenopausal women with one or more risk factors • Postmenopausal women with fractures to confirm the diagnosis of osteoporosis & disease severity Prevent before this… Prevention and Treatment You are never too old or too young to improve your bone health • Adults – At least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity a day – Strength and balance training – Protect from falls – Eye exam to check for visual impairments – Bone density test with a fracture after age 50, and for everyone with risk factors – Bone density test for all women over age 65 – Extra calcium and vitamin D over age 50 – Medication, if indicated, to prevent bone loss or build new bone Prevention and Treatment You are never too old or too young to improve your bone health • Children & Teens – Teens are at greater risk for poor bone health because of rapidly growing bones and poor diet – At least one hour of physical activity a day – Increase calcium during teens • Babies – Bone health begins before birth Prevention is the KEY… It is important to • Build healthy bones while you are young • Continue a healthy diet and lifestyle throughout your lifetime Sources of Information • Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004. http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bone health/content.html • National Osteoporosis Foundation http://www.nof.org Websites For More Osteoporosis Information: • http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bone health/content.html • http://chfs.ky.gov/dph/ach/osteo • http://www.osteofound.org/ • http://www.niams.nih.gov/bone/ • http://www.strongwomen.com/ Presentation created by: The Kentucky Department for Public Health Arthritis & Osteoporosis Program