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prepared by Mark Hollier,
Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus
CHAPTER
16
The
Endocrine
System
© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which group of messengers is defined
as acting on cells within the same
tissue?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Autocrines
Hormones
Paracrines
Eicosanoids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which group of messengers is defined
as acting on cells within the same
tissue?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Autocrines
Hormones
Paracrines
Eicosanoids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A major difference between
neurotransmitters and hormones is
that hormones are secreted ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
directly onto their target cell
into the cerebrospinal fluid
into ducts
into the blood
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A major difference between
neurotransmitters and hormones is
that hormones are secreted ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
directly onto their target cell
into the cerebrospinal fluid
into ducts
into the blood
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A major determinant of a hormone's
mechanism of action is ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
whether the hormonal molecule is hydrophobic or
hydrophilic
its size
whether it is rapid acting or slow acting
if it activates gene activity or not
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A major determinant of a hormone's
mechanism of action is ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
whether the hormonal molecule is hydrophobic
or hydrophilic
its size
whether it is rapid acting or slow acting
if it activates gene activity or not
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Receptors for steroid hormones are
commonly located _________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
inside the target cell
on the plasma membrane of the target cell
in the blood plasma
in the extracellular fluid
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Receptors for steroid hormones are
commonly located _________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
inside the target cell
on the plasma membrane of the target cell
in the blood plasma
in the extracellular fluid
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Interaction with a membrane-bound
receptor will transduce the hormonal
message via __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
depolarization
direct gene activation
a second messenger
endocytosis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Interaction with a membrane-bound
receptor will transduce the hormonal
message via __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
depolarization
direct gene activation
a second messenger
endocytosis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Second messenger–activating
hormones circulate in minute
quantities because ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
they are not important signal molecules
small concentrations of hormone can activate many
intracellular signals via amplification
they are continuously released from the gland
neurotransmitters also bind to hormone receptors
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Second messenger–activating
hormones circulate in minute
quantities because ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
they are not important signal molecules
small concentrations of hormone can activate
many intracellular signals via amplification
they are continuously released from the gland
neurotransmitters also bind to hormone receptors
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following molecules act
as second messengers?
a)
b)
c)
d)
cAMP
Ca2+
Inositol triphosphate
All of the above
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following molecules act
as second messengers?
a)
b)
c)
d)
cAMP
Ca2+
Inositol triphosphate
All of the above
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In order for a hormone to activate a
target cell, the target cell must possess
_______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a receptor
a second messenger
the hormone
a chaperone
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In order for a hormone to activate a
target cell, the target cell must possess
_______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a receptor
a second messenger
the hormone
a chaperone
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When the pancreas releases insulin in
direct response to blood glucose, this
is an example of ________ stimulation.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
neural
hormonal
negative feedback
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When the pancreas releases insulin in
direct response to blood glucose, this
is an example of ________ stimulation.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
neural
hormonal
negative feedback
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When an infant suckles at his mother's
breast, the mother's neurohypophysis
releases oxytocin. This is an example
of ________ stimulation.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
neural
hormonal
negative feedback
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When an infant suckles at his mother's
breast, the mother's neurohypophysis
releases oxytocin. This is an example
of ________ stimulation.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
neural
hormonal
negative feedback
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When the ovaries secrete estrogen in
response to the hormone GnRH, this is
an example of ________ stimulation.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
neural
hormonal
negative feedback
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When the ovaries secrete estrogen in
response to the hormone GnRH, this is
an example of ________ stimulation.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
neural
hormonal
negative feedback
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Blood levels of hormone are kept
within very narrow ranges by ______
mechanisms.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
neural
hormonal
negative feedback
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Blood levels of hormone are kept
within very narrow ranges by ______
mechanisms.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
neural
hormonal
negative feedback
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which hormone is produced in the
hypothalamus?
a)
b)
c)
d)
ADH
ACTH
LH
GH
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which hormone is produced in the
hypothalamus?
a)
b)
c)
d)
ADH
ACTH
LH
GH
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hormones secreted into the
hypophyseal portal system are
detected by the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
neurohypophysis
adenohypophysis
median eminence
infundibulum
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hormones secreted into the
hypophyseal portal system are
detected by the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
neurohypophysis
adenohypophysis
median eminence
infundibulum
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The long bone growth–promoting
effects of growth hormone are
mediated by _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
somatostatin
somatotropic cells
insulin-like growth factors
insulin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The long bone growth–promoting
effects of growth hormone are
mediated by _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
somatostatin
somatotropic cells
insulin-like growth factors
insulin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Secretions from the corticotropic cells
activate cells of the ________, while
secretions from the gonadotropic cells
affect cells of the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
adrenal cortex; gonads
thyroid; mammary glands
gonads; adrenal cortex
mammary glands; gonads
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Secretions from the corticotropic cells
activate cells of the ________, while
secretions from the gonadotropic cells
affect cells of the ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
adrenal cortex; gonads
thyroid; mammary glands
gonads; adrenal cortex
mammary glands; gonads
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A patient is displaying high volumes of
urine output and severe dehydration.
The most likely cause is _________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
hyposecretion of oxytocin
hypersecretion of oxytocin
hyposecretion of ADH
hypersecretion of ADH
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A patient is displaying high volumes of
urine output and severe dehydration.
The most likely cause is _________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
hyposecretion of oxytocin
hypersecretion of oxytocin
hyposecretion of ADH
hypersecretion of ADH
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Where is iodide located in the thyroid
gland?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Secretory vesicles inside follicular cells
Lumen of follicle
Golgi apparatus of parafollicular cells
Cytoplasm of follicular cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Where is iodide located in the thyroid
gland?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Secretory vesicles inside follicular cells
Lumen of follicle
Golgi apparatus of parafollicular cells
Cytoplasm of follicular cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is an indirect
effect of PTH?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Increasing osteoclast activity
Increasing calcium absorption in the intestines
Increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidney
Activating vitamin D
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is an indirect
effect of PTH?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Increasing osteoclast activity
Increasing calcium absorption in the intestines
Increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidney
Activating vitamin D
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A patient is losing weight rapidly,
sweating profusely, and is always
anxious. The patient may be suffering
from _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
hypothyroidism
cretinism
hyperthyroidism
hypersecretion of calcitonin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A patient is losing weight rapidly,
sweating profusely, and is always
anxious. The patient may be suffering
from _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
hypothyroidism
cretinism
hyperthyroidism
hypersecretion of calcitonin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Occasionally, a female patient
experiences hirsutism, or excessive
facial hair growth, yet blood tests
reveal that her levels of testosterone
are normal for a female. Another cause
could be hypersecretion of _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
catecholamines
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
gonadocorticoids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Occasionally, a female patient
experiences hirsutism, or excessive
facial hair growth, yet blood tests
reveal that her levels of testosterone
are normal for a female. Another cause
could be hypersecretion of _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
catecholamines
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
gonadocorticoids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
__________ is the adrenal hormone
responsible for maintaining appropriate
blood sodium levels.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cortisol
DHEA
Aldosterone
Epinephrine
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
__________ is the adrenal hormone
responsible for maintaining appropriate
blood sodium levels.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cortisol
DHEA
Aldosterone
Epinephrine
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
_________ trigger(s) secretion of
aldosterone.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Increased K+
Angiotensin II
ANP
Both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
_________ trigger(s) secretion of
aldosterone.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Increased K+
Angiotensin II
ANP
Both a and b
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
During times of stress, elevated levels
of _______ often occur, which explains
why we get a cold during final exam
time.
a)
b)
c)
d)
cortisol
aldosterone
ACTH
androgens
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
During times of stress, elevated levels
of _______ often occur, which explains
why we get a cold during final exam
time.
a)
b)
c)
d)
cortisol
aldosterone
ACTH
androgens
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Along with the sympathetic nervous
system, the _________ is the other
primary mediator of acute stress.
a)
b)
c)
d)
adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa
zona reticularis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Along with the sympathetic nervous
system, the _________ is the other
primary mediator of acute stress.
a)
b)
c)
d)
adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa
zona reticularis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not an action
of glucagon?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Release of glucose to the blood by liver cells
Transport of glucose into most body cells
Synthesis of glucose from lactic acid
Breakdown of glycogen
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not an action
of glucagon?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Release of glucose to the blood by liver cells
Transport of glucose into most body cells
Synthesis of glucose from lactic acid
Breakdown of glycogen
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The secretion of ________ helps
regulate our circadian rhythms.
a)
b)
c)
d)
estrogen
testosterone
thyroid hormones
melatonin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The secretion of ________ helps
regulate our circadian rhythms.
a)
b)
c)
d)
estrogen
testosterone
thyroid hormones
melatonin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The thymus secretes the hormone(s)
______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
thymopoietin
thymosin
thymulin
all of the above
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The thymus secretes the hormone(s)
______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
thymopoietin
thymosin
thymulin
all of the above
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following structures
produces a hormone responsible for
stimulating red blood cell production?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Stomach
Heart
Kidney
Skin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following structures
produces a hormone responsible for
stimulating red blood cell production?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Stomach
Heart
Kidney
Skin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following structures
produces a precursor to hormonal
vitamin D, important for Ca2+
regulation?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Stomach
Heart
Kidney
Skin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following structures
produces a precursor to hormonal
vitamin D, important for Ca2+
regulation?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Stomach
Heart
Kidney
Skin
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.