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Bones of the Foot
• Phalanges (toe bones)
• Metatarsals (long foot
bones)
• Tarsals (small bones
near ankle)
Four Arches of the Foot
• Transverse • Inner
longitudinal
• Metatarsal
• Outer
longitudinal
Bones of the Lower Leg
• Patella (kneecap)
• Tibia (shinbone)
• Fibula (smaller bone
lateral to tibia)
Each foot
contains 26
bones and
38 joints!!
Causes of Stress Fxs
• Exercise too severe or
long in duration
• lack of exercise (results
in weakening of the
bone)
S/S of Stress Fxs
• Increased pain when athlete
exercises
• POINT TENDERNESS
• may be mistaken for shin
splints
• early x-rays may not detect!
TX of Stress Fxs
•RICE
•physician
evaluation & xrays
Cause of Turf Toe
• The ligaments
supporting the big toe
become sprained
• usually due to
hyperextension
Turf Toe
•Usually a minor
injury
•may be prevented
with taping
Arch sprains
•Sprain of the
supportive
ligaments in the
foot
Arch sprains
• once stretched, the
ligaments fail to hold the
bones of the foot in
proper position
Causes of Arch Sprains
• training on
• Overuse
hard surfaces
• overweight
• wearing
• fatigue
improper
shoes
Resulting problems:Arch sprains
• Shin splints
• achilles tendon strain
• foot fatigue
• strained muscles
TX: Arch Sprains
•RICE
•taping
The heel receives,
absorbs, and
transfers much of
the impact from
sports activities...
Heel Spur
•Bony growth on the
heel that causes
painful inflammation
of the surrounding
tissue
Causes of Heel Spur
• Irritation due to
repeated stretching of
the plantar fascia
(ligamentous tissue in
the foot)
Tx of Heel Spur
•Rest
•Proper footwear
Muscle Spasms
•Sudden, violent
contraction of a
muscle
Muscle Spasms: contributing
factors (no specific cause)
• Overwork in • Poor
early season
equipment
• fatigue
• incomplete
rehab
• fluid loss
• foot structure • poor
diet/nutrition
TX: Muscle Spasms
•Stretch muscle
•controversial if
massage is helpful or
harmful
Blisters
• The layers of skin rub together
and the friction causes
separation.
• Fluid accumulates in the
separation and puts pressure on
the nerve endings.
• This causes PAIN!
TX: Blisters
• Best tx is PREVENTION!
• Recognize hot spots which
are warning signs for blisters.
• Use protective pads on
suspect areas!
• Early use of Duct Tape!!!!!!!
TX: Blisters
• Don’t pop (risk of infection).
• Use donut pads around
blister.
• Don’t put pressure on the
blister.
Shin Splints
•Inflammation of
the interosseous
membrane
Causes of Shin Splints
• Lack of or sudden increase in
level of conditioning
• improper/incomplete
warmup/stretching
• muscle weakness or
imbalance
Causes of Shin Splints
• running on hard
surfaces
• poor running habits
• improper running shoes
• poor foot structure
TX: Shin Splints
• RICE
• Taping is usually not
helpful
• PREVENTION!!!!!!!
Strengthen and Stretch
ACS
Hemorrhage/swelling
inside compartment
increases pressure on the
nerves, the veins, and the
arteries…this can cause
death of the muscle cells!
Causes of ACS
•Direct trauma
•excessive
exercise
S/S ACS
• Pain even after slowing
down/stopping
• Pain even after cold
treatment
• numbness of foot
TX ACS
• DON’T use the RICE
method!!!!!!
• Compression and elevation
will exacerbate the problem!
• DO use COLD and REST!!!
TX ACS
•Treat this as a
medical
emergency!
TX ACS
• Misdiagnosis may lead
to a worsening of the
condition, permanent
nerve damage, and
disability!
Other Foot Problems
• Athlete’s Foot (caused by
fungus)
• Ingrown toenails
• Corns & Calluses
• Plantar warts (caused by
virus)