Download 04 General myology

chapter
Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise
4
General
Myology
Musculoskeletal System
• Skeleton
– Muscles function by pulling against bones that rotate about
joints and transmit force through the skin to the environment.
– The skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the
appendicular skeleton.
• Skeletal Musculature
– A system of muscles enables the skeleton to move.
– Origin = proximal (toward the center of the body) attachment
– Insertion = distal (away from the center of the body) attachment
Figure 4.1
Key Terms
• agonist: The muscle most directly involved in
bringing about a movement; also called the
prime mover.
• antagonist: A muscle that can slow down or
stop the movement.
•
Muscles
of
Facial
Expression
Muscles of facial Expression
Masticatory
muscles
• The masseter
• The temporalis (the
sphenomandibularis is considered a
part of the temporalis by some
sources, and a distinct muscle by
others)
• The medial pterygoid
• The lateral pterygoid
Masticatory
muscles
Each of these
primary
muscles of
mastication is
paired, with
each side of
the mandible
possessing
one of the four
Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle
3
2
1
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Upper limb
musculature
Figure 4.5
Posterior view of upper limb
Lower limb
musculature
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Iliac crest.
b) Anterior superior iliac spine.
c) Genu of the lateral condyle
(femur and tibia).
d) Tibia.
e) Patella.
f) Tarsal cruciate ligament.
g) Retinaculum musculorum
extensorum inferius.
h) Retinaculum musculorum
flexorum.
m. tensor fascia lata.
fascia lata.
m. gluteus medius.
m. gluteus maximus.
m. sartorius.
m. rectus femoris.
m. vastus lateralis.
m. biceps femoris (long head).
m. biceps femoris (short head).
m. tibialis anterior.
m. extensor digitorum
(communis) longus.
Aponeuroses of abdominal muscles
21. External Obliques
22. Rectus Abdominus
23. Sheath of the
straight muscle of the
abdomen
31. Sartorius
32. Rectus Femoris
33. Pectineus
35. Adductor Longus
Psoas Major
A fusiform
B unipennate
C bipennate muscles
Synovial
Bursae
Synovial Bursae
Synovial tendon sheath
39. Gastrocnemius
40. Soleous
45. Fibularis Longus
41. Calcaneal Tendon
46. Inferior Retinaculum of the
Extensor Muscles
44. Extensor Digitorum Brevis
What is the Synovial tendon sheath?
• Where the tendons cross
joints, they are sheathed in
thin membranes known as
synovium, which provide
lubrication to decrease friction