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The Arteries
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
Liu Zhiyu
The Arteries
Characteristics
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Symmetry
In the trunk of the body consist parietal
and visceral branches
Shortest possible course
 Run on flexor surfaces
 Usually do not pass directly through
muscles, avoiding compression
Together with the veins and nerves in a
sheath of fascia to form neurovascular
bundle
Pulmonary trunk
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Arises from right ventricle
Runs up, back ,and to the left
Bifurcates inferior to aortic arch
into right and left pulmonary
arteries, one for each lung
Arterial ligament
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Remnant of ductus arteriosus
A fibrous band that connects
bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
with inferior border of aortic
arch
Aorta
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Pulmonary Artery
Arteries of systemic circulation
★ Aorta
Ascending aorta
Level of second right
sternocostal joint
Aortic arch
T4
Descending aorta
L4
Common iliac a.
Aorta
Ascending aorta
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Arises from left ventricle
Runs upward, forward and to the right
Extends to level of second right
sternocostal joint
Branches: right and left coronary
arteries
Aorta
Aortic arch
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Continuation of ascending aorta
Curves upward, to the left and posteriorly,
then downward, arching over left principal
bronchus and pulmonary trunk to lower
border of T4 level, to become descending
aorta
Branches (from right to left )
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Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Aortic glomera－chemoreceptor
Aorta
Descending aorta
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Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta
★ Common carotid a.
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Origin (arises from)
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Brachiocephalic trunk on the right
Aortic arch on the left
Ascends in neck to upper border of
thyroid cartilage; bifurcates into
internal and external carotid arteries
★ Common carotid a.
★ Carotid sinus
(baroreceptor), located at a
localizes dilation of terminal part of
common carotid artery or
beginning of internal carotid artery,
sensitive to blood pressure
changes
★ Carotid glomus
(chemoreceptor), lies posterior to
the point of bifurcation of common
carotid artery, senses changes in
blood carbon dioxide (oxygen)
levels
★ Common carotid a.
★ External
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carotid artery
Superior thyroid a.
descends to supply upper pole of thyroid
gland and larynx
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Lingual a.
Facial a.
Occipital a.
Posterior auricular a.
Maxillary a.
Superficial temporal a.
★ Subclavian artery
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Origin (arises from)
 Brachiocephalic trunk on right
 Aortic arch on left
End: becomes axillary artery at lateral
border of first rib
Branches
 Vertebral a.
 Internal thoracic a.
 Thyrocervical trunk
 Inferior thyroid artery
 Superascapular a.
 Costocervical trunk
Vertebral a.
Inferior thyroid a.
Transvers cervical a.
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical
trunk
Suprascapular a.
Internal thoratic a.
Axillary artery
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Continuation of subclavian artery at
lateral border of first rib
Becomes brachial artery at lower
border of teres major
Divided into three parts by overlying
pectoralis minor
Axillary artery
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First portion, above muscle
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Second portion, behind
muscle
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Thoracoacromial a.
Lateral thoracic a.
Third portion, below muscle
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Anterior humeral circumflex a.
Posterior humeral circumflex
a.
Subscapular a.
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Throcodorsal a.
Circumflex scapular a.
Brachial artery
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Continuation of axillary artery
Divides into radial and ulnar arteries at
level of neck of radius
Branches
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Deep brachial a.
Superior ulnar collaeral a.
Inferior ulnar collateral a.
Radial artery & Ulnar artery
Radial artery
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Superfical palmar branch
Principal artery of thumb
Ulnar artery
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Common interosseous artery
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Anterior interossous a.
Posterior interosseous a.
Deep palmar branch
Superficial palmar arch
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Formed by ulnar artery and superficial
palmar branch of radial artery
The curve of arch lies across the palm,
level with the distal border of fully
extended thumb
Gives rise to three common palmar
digital arteries each then divides into
two proper palmar digital arteries
Deep palmar arch
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Formed by radial artery and deep
palmar branch of ulnar artery
The curve of arch lies across upper part
of palmar at level with proximal border
of extended thumb
Gives rise to three palmar metacarpal
arteries
Thoracic aorta
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Course
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Continuation of aortic arch at lower border of
T4
Passes through aortic hiatus of diaphragm at
level of T12 vertebra to enter abdominal
cavity
Main branches
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Parietal branches
 Posterior intercostals arteries
 subcostal artery
 Superior phrenic arteries
Visceral branches
 Bronchial branches
 Esophageal branches
 Pericardial branches
Abdominal aorta
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Continuation of thoracic
aorta at aortic hiatus of
diaphragm in front of T12
Terminates at lower
border of L4 vertebra by
dividing into right and left
common iliac arteries
Abdominal aorta
Parietal branches
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Inferior phrenic a. (one pair)
Lumbar a. (four pairs of arteries that
supply the posterior abdominal wall)
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Median sacral a.
Abdominal aorta
Visceral branches
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Paired branches
 Middle suprarenal artery
 Renal artery
 Testicular (ovarian) artery
Abdominal aorta
Renal artery
Lower accessory renal a.
Abdominal aorta
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Unpaired branches
Celiac trunk
－a short large artery that arises from the
front of aorta as it emerges through
the diaphragm.
 Superior mesenteric a. －arises from
the front of aorta, at the level of L1
 Inferior mesenteric a. －arises from
the front of aorta, at level of L3
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Celiac trunk
Left branch
Right branch
Cystic a.
Left gastric a.
Short gastric a.
Common
hepatic a.
Splenic a.
Right gastric a.
Proper hepatic a.
Gastroduodenal a.
Splenic branches
Left gastroepiploic a.
Right gastroepiploic a.
Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
Celiac trunk
Middle colic a.
Inf. pancreaticodudenal a.
Right colic a.
Ileocolic a.
Appendicular a.
Superior
Mesenteric v.
Superior
mesenteric a.
Jejunal and ileal a.
Inferior mesenteric v.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Left colic a.
Sigmoid a.
Superior rectal a.
Common iliac artery
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Continuation of abdominal
aorta at level of L4 vertebra
Run downward and
laterally to end opposite the
sacroiliac joint by dividing
into internal and external
iliac arteries.
Internal iliac artery
Parietal branches
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Obturator a.
Superior gluteal a.
Inferior gluteal a.
Iliolumber a.
Lateral sacral a.
Internal iliac artery
Visceral branches
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Umbilical a. → superior vesical
a.
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Inferior vesical a.
Uterine a.
Inferior rectal a.
Internal pudendal a.
Internal iliac artery
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Uterine a.
－about 2cm from neck of uterus it
crosses above and in front of ureter
小桥流水
Internal iliac artery
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Uterine a.
－about 2cm from neck of uterus it
crosses above and in front of ureter
小桥流水
Internal iliac artery
Internal pudendal artery
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Course: leaves the pelvis through the
infrapiriform foramen and enters the
gluteal region. It enters the perineum
through the lesser sciatic foramen and
then passes forward in the pudendal
canal with the pudendal nerve.
Branches
 Anal artery
 Perineal artery
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Dorsal artery of penis (clitoris)
External iliac artery
Branches
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Inferior epigastric artery
Deep iliac circumflex artery
Femoral a.
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Continuation of the external iliac a.
Begins midpoint of inguinal ligament
Ends at the adductor tendinous opening by
entering the popliteal fossa as the popliteal
artery
Principal branch
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deep femeral a.
arises from the posterolateral surface of the femoral
artery about 5 cm below the inguinal ligament.
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Medial femoral circumflex
lateral femoral circumflex
Four perforating arteries
Popliteal artery
Course:
 Begins at the adductor tendinous
opening Here it is continuous with the
femoral artery
 Ends at the lower border of the popliteus
where it divides into anterior and
posterior tibial arteries
Posterior tibial artery
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Passes downwards deep to
gastrocnemius and soleus
Passes behind medial mallealus by
dividing into medial and lateral plantar
arteries
Branches:
 Peroneal a.
 Medial and lateral plantar a.
Anterior tibial artery
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Descends on anterior surface of
interosseous membrane
In front of ankle joint becomes dorsal
a. of foot
Dorsal artery of foot
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Passes forward between tendons of
extensor longus and extensor digitorum
longus to the proximal
End of first intermetatarsal space
Branches
 Deep plantar a.
 1st digital a.
 Arcuate a.