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5/24/2017 Title: Anat & Phys 8/24/06 Objectives: Begin Chap 1, the basics of anatomy and physiology. Class Topics • Chap 1 notes – – – – – – – Directional terminology Body planes Body cavities Characteristics of life Homeostasis Negative feedback Positive feedback “Discovery consists of seeing what everybody else has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” Albert von Szent-Gyorgyi Wednesday, May 24, 2017 4:13 PM Page: 1 5/24/2017 Class Assignments What • Article Review • Read 2000 m Row • Chapter 1 Test By When 8/24/06 8/28/06 8/30/06 • Due this class period • Due next class period • Due in the future Page: 2 5/24/2017 Directional Terminology • • • • • • • • • • Superior (cranial) Inferior (caudal) Anterior (ventral) Posterior (dorsal) Medial Lateral Superficial (external) Deep (internal) Proximal Distal Page: 3 5/24/2017 Body Planes • Imaginary lines used to divide the body • Frontal (Coronal) • Sagittal – Mid-Sagittal • Transverse (Horizontal) Page: 4 5/24/2017 Levels of organization • Chemical – atoms/molecules • Cellular – smallest functional unit • Tissue – – – – epithelial connective muscular nervous Page: 5 5/24/2017 Levels of Organization • Organ – two or more types of tissues working together • System – 11 systems • Organism – all systems working together – used for survival and reproduction Page: 6 5/24/2017 Systems Name the 11 systems • Which one isn’t necessary? Page: 7 5/24/2017 Body Cavities • Dorsal – cranial – vertebral http://www.templejc.edu/dept/biology/RHicks/biol2404Int/biol2404onl_LAB.htm Page: 8 5/24/2017 Body Cavities • Ventral – thoracic • pleural • pericardial • mediastinum – abdominopelvic • abdomen • pelvic http://www.templejc.edu/dept/biology/RHicks/biol2404Int/biol2404onl_LAB.htm Page: 9 5/24/2017 Characteristics of life • Organization • Metabolism – Anabolism – Catabolism Page: 10 5/24/2017 Characteristics of Life • Excitability – Stimuli • Muscle and nerve cells • Growth and Reproduction – hypertrophy and hyperplasia Page: 11 5/24/2017 Homeostasis • Internal environment of the body kept relatively stable – state without change • Actually to maintain this our bodies are constantly changing • Hypothalamus - thermostat Page: 12 5/24/2017 Homeostasis • Hot • Cold Page: 13 5/24/2017 Negative Feedback Loop • Used to maintain a stable internal environment • Triggered by changes in the norm – usually temperature, pH, or hormonal From: http://www.biology-online.org/4/2_water_homeostasis.htm Page: 14 5/24/2017 Negative Feedback From: http://cgee.hamline.edu/see/questions/dp_balance/dp_bal_feedback.htm Page: 15 5/24/2017 http://www.polk.edu/INSTRUCT/Mash/drubin/hsc2554/Study%20Questions/SQ25.htm Page: 16 5/24/2017 http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/pages/demos/105/unit8/hormones.html Page: 17 5/24/2017 Positive feedback • Birth – Oxytocin (causes contractions) is released due to pressure on the cervix – More oxytocin is released due to increased pressure on the cervix – Ends when the fetus is expelled • Bleeding – clotting yields more clotting yielding more clotting - eventually stopped by stopped blood flow Page: 18