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PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Vince Austin Human Anatomy & Physiology FIFTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 7 The Skeleton Part G Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ribs • There are twelve pair of ribs forming the flaring sides of the thoracic cage • All ribs attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae • The superior 7 pair (true, or vertebrosternal ribs) attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilages • Ribs 8-10 (false, or vertebrocondral ribs) attach indirectly to the sternum via costal cartilage • Ribs 11-12 (floating, or vertebral ribs) have no anterior attachment Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ribs Figure 7.19a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structure of a Typical True Rib • Bowed, flat bone consisting of a head, neck, tubercle, and shaft Figure 7.20 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Appendicular Skeleton • The appendicular skeleton is made up of the bones of the limbs and their girdles • Pectoral girdles attach the upper limbs to the body trunk • Pelvic girdle secures the lower limbs Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles) • The pectoral girdles consist of the anterior clavicles and the posterior scapulae • They attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton in a manner that allows for maximum movement • They provide attachment points for muscles that move the upper limbs Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles) Figure 7.22a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clavicles (Collarbones) • The clavicles are slender, doublycurved long bones lying across the superior thorax Figure 7.22b, c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clavicles (Collarbones) • The acromial (lateral) end articulates with the scapula, and the sternal (medial) end articulates with the sternum Figure 7.22b, c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clavicles (Collarbones) • They provide attachment points for numerous muscles, and act as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally away from the body Figure 7.22b, c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings