Download Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1

Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 2
Perry C. Hanavan
Audiologist
Mnemonic Devices
• Acronyms (form words)
• Acrostics/Sentences (create sentences from first
letter)
• Rhymes & Songs
• Loci (rooms, routes)
• Linking/Chaining
• Chunking (breaking down into small parts)
• Peg (key words)
• Phonetic (sounds represent numbers to form
word pegs)
Anatomy & Physiology
• Anatomy – study of structure
• Physiology – study of function
Question
Which of the following is the study of abnormal
structures or systems?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Descriptive or Systemic
Regional Anatomy
Applied or Clinical Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Developmental Anatomy
Comparative
Pathological Anatomy
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Types of Anatomical Studies
• Descriptive or Systemic Anatomy - the method of
studying the body by systems, such as auditory and
respiratory systems
• Regional Anatomy - the study of the body by regions, such
as the thorax and abdomen
• Applied or Clinical Anatomy - emphasizes structure and
function as they relate to diagnosis and treatment
• Surface Anatomy - the visualization of structures that lie
beneath the skin. It is an essential part of the study of
regional anatomy and the primary means by which
clinicians use anatomical knowledge in treating patients
• Developmental Anatomy – the study of anatomy from
conception to adulthood
• Comparative Anatomy – study of anatomy across the
animal kingdom, animal models, etc.
• Pathological Anatomy – study of abnormal structures or
systems
Types of Physiological Studies
• Electrophysiological
– Evoked Potentials, EEG,
• Respiratory
Question
Which is the study of structure and function
of muscles?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Cytology
Histology
Osteology
Myology
Arthrology
Angiology
Neurology
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Related Fields in A & P
• Cytology – study of structure and function of
cells
• Histology – microscopic study of cells and
tissue
• Osteology – study of structure and function of
bones
• Myology – study of structure and function of
muscles
• Arthrology – study of structure and function of
joints
• Angiology – study of structure and function of
blood vessels and lymph system
• Neurology – study of nervous system
Organization of the Body
1. Organism
2. Organ systems
3. Organs
4. Tissue
5. Cell
6. Organelle
7. Chemical
Question
Which of the following epithelial cells is
found in the cochlea as inner and outer
hair cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Ciliated columnar
Stratified
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I. Epithelial
A. Simple. Single
layer of cells
•
•
•
•
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Ciliated columner
B. Compound.
Different layers
of cells
•
Stratified
Epithelium Functions
Impervious barrier (epidermis, urinary bladder)
Secretion (exocrine glands)
sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands,
stomach, liver and pancreas
Adsorptive (intestinal mucosa)
Transport (motile cilia)
Sensory (photoreceptor cells, outer and inner
hair cells, olfactions, etc.)
II. Connective
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Areolar – elastic
Adipose – fat globules
Blood – corpuscles
Bone
Cartilage
Lymphoid – tonsils, adenoid, lymph
White fibrous – ligaments, fascia
Yellow elastic – trachea, cartilage, lungs
III. Muscular
A. Striated – skeletal,
voluntary
B. Smooth – internal
organs, involuntary
C. Cardiac –
combination of
striated and smooth,
involuntary
IV. Nervous
• Neurons – transfer of information
• Glial cells – nutrient transfer (glue)
Systems of Speech
•
•
•
•
Respiratory
Phonatory
Articulatory
Resonatory
laryngeal/voice
alter sounds
nasal and soft palate
Orientation Terminology
What is the opposite of proximal?
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Anterior
D. Posterior
E. Ventral
F. Dorsal
G. Distal
H. Medial
I. Lateral
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Orientation Terminology
•
Left
Right
•
Superior
Inferior
•
Anterior
Posterior
•
Ventral
Dorsal
•
Proximal
Distal
•
Medial
Lateral
•
Superficial
Deep
•
Adduct
Abduct
•
Cranial
Caudal
Movement Terminology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Abduction
Flexion
Inversion
Dorsiflexion
Pronation
Lateral rotation
Protrusion
Elevation
Opposition
Circumduction
Adduction
Extension
Eversion
Plantarflexion
Supination
Medial rotation
Retrusion
Depression
Reposition
Body Planes
Which divides the body into
anterior or ventral and
posterior or dorsal halves?
A. Sagittal
B. Transverse
C. Frontal (Coronal) plane
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Body Planes
• Sagittal plane - Divides the
body into right and left
halves.
• Transverse (Horizontal)
plane - Divides the body into
superior and inferior halves.
• Frontal (Coronal) plane Divides the body into anterior
or ventral and posterior or
dorsal halves.
Video
• MPEG from head to foot
• MPEG sagittal view
• MPEG coronal view
• Body Worlds Exhibition