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Shoulder Conditions Chapter 11 Articulations Sternoclavicular (SC) Acromioclavicular (AC) Coracoclavicular (CC) Glenohumeral (GH) Scapulothoracic Sternoclavicular Joint Surrounded anteriorly and posteriorly by 4 ligaments Interclavicular Costoclavicular Anterior sternoclavicular Posterior sternoclavicular SC enables rotation of the clavicle with respect to the sternum Acromioclavicular Joint Acromion process of the scapula with the distal clavicle is the joint Superior and Inferior acromioclavicular ligaments Coracoacromial ligament AC enables limited motion in all three planes of movement Coracoclavicular Joint Coracoid process of the scapula and the inferior surface of the clavicle. Coracoclavicular ligament Resists upward movement of the clavicle, downward movement of the scapula, and anteroposterior movement of the clavicle or scapula. Glenohumeral Joint Articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus Superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments Allows just about all ranges of motion in all three planes Scapulothoracic Joint Muscles attaching to the scapula from the thoracic trunk area allow the scapula to move Stabilizes the shoulderPermits many movements of the shoulder Bursae Subcoracoid Subscapularis Subacromial Cushion the rotator cuff muscles from overlying bone Movements Flexion Extension Hyperextension Abduction Adduction Horizontal Adduction Horizontal Abduction Medial rotation (internal) Lateral rotation (external) Shoulder Movements Scapulohumeral rhythm Sternoclavicular Joint Sprain Acromioclavicular Joint Sprain Glenohumeral Joint Sprain Glenohumeral Instability Glenohumeral Dislocations and Subluxations Glenoid Labrum Tears Rotator Cuff/Impingement Injuries Bursitis Bicipital Tendinitis and Tendon Rupture Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndroms Clavicular Fractures Blow or fall on the point of the shoulder Figure 8 brace is worn for 4 to 6 weeks Pain will be persistent on palpation and active movements Scapular Fractures Spine of scapula, acromion process, coracoid process, or the glenohumeral joint Either direct trauma or a forceful contraction of the attaching muscle Epiphyseal and Avulsion Fractures Growth plates do not close until 18 to 25 years of age Excessive movements of these plates can cause fractures Humeral Fractures Violent compressive forces from a direct blow Fracture is commonly found in the surgical neck
