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Why does the smell of formaldehyde seem to
dissipate during the time you spend in the dissection
lab, yet you are able to detect the cologne of
someone who just entered the lab?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Olfactory receptors are destroyed by formaldehyde.
Olfactory receptors adapt to the smell of
formaldehyde.
Central adaptation has occurred, though olfactory
receptors retain sensitivity to other smells.
None of these is correct.
What is unique about the sense of smell when
compared to other special senses?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Olfaction travels along only one cranial nerve.
Olfaction is a chemical sense.
Olfactory stimulation passes through two synapses
in the thalamus.
Olfactory stimulation is the only type of sensory
information that reaches the cerebral cortex directly.
Which of these correctly describes the pathway of
tasting, starting at the tongue?
1.
2.
3.
4.
CNs VII, IX, and X  synapse in medulla 
synapse in thalamus  primary sensory cortex
Synapse in medulla  CNs VII, IX, and X  medial
lemniscus  gustatory cortex  synapse in
thalamus
Tongue  CNs VII and IX  synapse in pons  CN
V  synapse in thalamus  primary sensory
cortex
None of these is correct
Which type of lingual papillae do not contain
taste buds? What is their function?
1. Circumvallate papillae/perception of water
molecules
2. Umami papillae/perception of glutamate
3. Filiform papillae/provide friction
4. Fungiform papillae/appreciation of texture
Which cranial nerve supplies taste buds
located in circumvallate papillae?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
What is the survival value of being more sensitive to
sour and bitter tastes than to sweet and salty ones?
1. Sour acids can damage mucous membranes.
2. Many potent toxins have a bitter taste.
3. Sweet and salty tastes are pleasant, and
therefore good for you.
4. 1 and 2 are correct.
Why can corneal transplant surgeries be
performed between unrelated individuals without
the risk of rejection?
1. White blood cells rush to the new cornea to fight
off infection.
2. There are no blood vessels in the cornea, so
white blood cells cannot attack the foreign tissue.
3. Aqueous humor contains powerful antibiotics.
4. None of these is correct.
Which of the following is correct concerning the
function of the uvea (vascular tunic)?
1. It stabilizes the shape of the eye and produces
collagen fibers.
2. It provides the route for the optic nerve and
blood vessels to the eye itself.
3. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
4. It secretes and reabsorbs vitreous humor.
Which of these statements correctly describes
the location of rods and cones on the retina?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rods are located in the macula lutea, but only
cones are located in the fovea.
Cones are located at the periphery of the retina,
rods at the center.
Rods and cones are evenly distributed on the
retina.
Cones are located at the center of the retina, rods
at the periphery.
Why are rods best suited for night vision?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rods have a low threshold for activation.
Rods are primarily located within the fovea.
Rods participate in converging pathways.
Rods contain several visual pigments.
What is the consequence if drainage of aqueous
humor through the canal of Schlemm (scleral
venous sinus) is blocked?
1. Retinitis pigmentosa, leading to blindness.
2. Age-related macular degeneration.
3. Intraocular pressure increases, leading to
glaucoma.
4. Depth perception is lost.
At which interface in the human eye is
refraction the greatest?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Between air and the cornea
Between aqueous humor and the lens
Between the lens and the vitreous body
Between the vitreous body and the retina
What processes take place for the lens of your eye
to become rounder to focus on nearby objects?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ciliary muscle relax and suspensory ligaments pull
at the circumference of the lens.
New fibers are added to the lens, increasing its
refractive power.
Ciliary muscles contract, which reduces tension on
the suspensory ligaments.
The distance between the lens and the macula
lutea changes, which keeps focal length
constant.
How does vitamin A deficiency affect
vision?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Photoreceptors are destroyed causing blindness
within a few years.
The amount of visual pigment in photoreceptors
declines, causing poor night vision.
The ability of the eyes to accommodate for
distance vision decreases.
Pupillary reflexes and reflexive eye movement are
lost.
When an object appears white, what event has
happened?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Photons of all colors have been absorbed by the
object.
Photons of all colors have bounced off the object.
Rods have been stimulated.
2 and 3 are correct.
In what circumstance does colorblindness
occur?
1. One or more classes of cones is
nonfunctional.
2. Cones are unable to manufacture visual
pigments.
3. Certain types of cones are absent.
4. All of the above are correct.
What effect does a decrease in
phosphodiesterase activity in photoreceptor
cells have on vision?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Increased neuron response to photons
Decreased neuron response to photons
Increased visual acuity
Increased light sensitivity
Visual information from the left half of the
combined field of vision _________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Arrives at the visual cortex of the right temporal lobe
Arrives at the superior colliculus on the right side
Arrives at the visual cortex of the left temporal lobe
Arrives at the superior colliculus on the left side
What is the function of the auditory tube?
1. It helps amplify sound waves.
2. It allows bacteria to travel from the
oropharynx to the middle ear.
3. It permits equalization of pressure on either
side of the tympanic membrane.
4. It secretes cerumen.
What is the role of the auditory ossicles in
hearing?
1. They play a major role in equilibrium.
2. They act as levers that conduct vibrations to
the inner ear.
3. They vibrate against the round window and
distort the perilymph in the vestibular duct.
4. They play no role in hearing.
You are attending an incredibly loud rock
concert. What is the reaction of your tensor
tympani to the noise?
1.
2.
3.
4.
It extends to allow free movement of the auditory
ossicles, thus preventing hearing loss.
It extends to prevent all movement of auditory
ossicles.
It contracts to reduce movement of the stapes.
It contracts to pull the malleus medially and
stiffens the tympanic membrane.
Which structures comprise the major
subdivisions of the bony labyrinth?
1. Anterior, posterior, and lateral semicircular ducts
2. Middle ear, inner ear, and membranous labyrinth
3. Vestibule, three semicircular canals, and the
cochlea
4. Vestibule, saccule, and utricle
Where are the sensory receptors that respond
to rotational movements of the head?
1. In the utricle and saccule
2. In the anterior, posterior, and lateral
semicircular ducts
3. In the cochlear duct
4. In the vestibular duct and tympanic duct
The receptors for hearing are located in _____,
which is filled with ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The organ of Corti in the cochlear duct/endolymph
Hair cells in the vestibular duct/perilymph
The tectorial membrane in the tympanic
duct/perilymph
None of these is correct
Which of the following characteristics of sound
determines how loud a sound seems?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Decibels
Pitch
Frequency
Amplitude
Where do low-frequency sounds vibrate the
basilar membrane? Why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Near the round window/perilymph is incompressible
Near the oval window/shorter wavelength
Far from the oval window/longer wavelength
Against the tectorial membrane/pressure waves are
created in endolymph of the vestibular duct