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Commedia del’ Arte Origin of Commedia dell Arte Emerged in Tuscany, Italy around 1550. Began in the Renaissance (‘rebirth’) as a result of a rise in the middle class (merchants, scientists, artists, educated) Theatre moved away from religious morality/passion plays Art became more realistic, a move away from religious art, a focus on humans rather than gods. Secular. Origin of Commedia del’ Arte Roots founded in the comedies of ancient Rome Masked characters Stock characters Presented in the homes of wealthy patrons or town squares Preordained situations about jealousy, adultery, old age, love… Sometimes satirized local scandals or current events. Since the productions were improvised, around an existing plotline, dialogue and action could easily be changed while still using old jokes and punch lines. Commedia del’ Arte Characters were identified by costumes, masks, and/or props Performances spread throughout Europe during 16th and 17th centuries to Spain, France, and England Evolved in 18th century into vaudeville and influenced animated cartoons, situation comedy, and even professional wrestling Root of Improvisational Theatre & Clowning Commedia dell Arte Male comedic characters masked, female characters and lovers not masked-Women were a part of the troupes Del’ Arte company consisted of 10-12 traveling players. Each assigned a stock part. Versimilitude = true to life unity of TIME, PLACE, ACTION Commedia dell Arte Clergy did not approve of the traveling troupes and called them “vagabondi”, the root of the derogatory word “vagabond” Performers made use of well-rehearsed jokes and stock physical gags, known as Lazzi Commedia dell Arte Characters Zanni: Clever male servants (orig. ‘zany’) Arlecchino Spoke directly to audience Acrobatic Used “slapstick” wooden stick Wears cat face mask & diamond print costume QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Brighella Slow, dishonest, cruel Will do anything for money Musician Commedia dell Arte Characters Il Dottore: friend of Pantalone, a quack, pompous, fraudulent, overweight QuickTime™ and a TI FF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this pict ure. Commedia dell Arte Characters Pantalone: a rich, old, miserly merchant, with a young wife or adventurous daughter Quic k Time™ and a TIFF (Unc ompres s ed) dec ompres s or are needed to s ee this pic ture. Commedia dell Arte Characters La Ruffiana: mother or gossipy townswoman who intrudes on lives of lovers Inamorata/o: leading woman/man, did not wear a mask, beautifully dressed, refined language