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Welcome to Unit 4
Seminar!
Components of the Integumentary
System
Skin and accessory organs:
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Hair
Nails
Glands
Skin layers
Dermis
Epidermis
Subcutaneous layer
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Common Skin Condition Symptoms
cutaneous lesions or eruptions
 pruritis (itching)
 pain
 edema (swelling)
 erythema (redness)
 inflammation
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A Few Common Skin Lesions
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macule
plaque
cyst
pustule
scale
burrow
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papule
nodule
vesicle
crust
fissure
comedo
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Common Diseases of the Skin
Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin
 Pruritus, erythema, & cutaneous lesions
 Acute, subacute, or chronic.
Seborrheic dermatitis
 Contact dermatitis
 Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
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Common Diseases of the Skin
(cont’d.)
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The differences between seborrheic
dermatitis and contact dermatitis:
◦ seborrheic dermatitis – idiopathic condition
resulting in overproduction of sebum
◦ contact dermatitis – localized redness and
swelling caused by an irritant or allergen.
 Inherited and family history of allergic conditions
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Common Diseases of the Skin
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Acne vulgaris: an inflammatory disease
of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
Herpes zoster (shingles): an acute
inflammatory dermatomal eruption of
painful vesicles.
 Chickenpox is a precursor to shingles.
 Both are caused by the herpes varicellazoster virus
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Psoriasis
Psoriatic Nail
Dystrophy
Common Diseases of the Skin
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Impetigo: contagious, superficial skin
infection. Cause: streptococcus or
staphylococcus aureus.
◦ Lesions : legs, face, trunk, and arms. Spread easily.
◦ Small vesicles surrounded by a circle of
reddened skin & pruritus.
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Cellulitis: acute, diffuse, bacterial infection
of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Produce enzymes that break down the
skin cells.
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Dermatophytoses ( page 250-251)
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Fungal infection of the skin:
Tinea capitis
 Tinea corporis (ringworm)
 Tinea unguium
 Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
 Tinea cruris (jock itch)
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Other Diseases of the Skin
Decubitis ulcers (bed sores): localized
areas of dead skin
- Impaired blood supply to the area
Early signs – shiny, red area over a bony
prominence
Other signs – blisters, erosions, necrosis,
ulceration.
Osteomyelitis and/or gangrene may result
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Benign Tumors
Seborrheic keratosis: benign growths
originating in the epidermis. ( pasted onto
the skin).
Dermatofibroma: benign, asymptomatic
growths that can be found anywhere on
the body.
Achrochordon (skin tag): common
benign skin growths found mainly on the
axilla, neck, and inguinal areas of the body
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Premalignant Tumors
Actinic keratosis: common pre-malignant
lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the
body
 Indications: an area of rough, vascular skin,
which later forms a yellow crust.
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Skin Carcinomas
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Non-melanoma skin cancers
◦ Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
◦ Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
◦ Destruction of nerves, lymphatics,
blood vessels, bones and cartilages
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Malignant melanomas
The ABCs of malignant melanoma P.262:
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A = asymmetry
B = border
C = color
D = diameter
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The Muscular System
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Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia: a chronic pain condition associated with
stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons,
and joints throughout the body. The cause is unknown.
• Eighteen tender points used in diagnosis
• Treatment options
• Stress reduction
• Physical activity
• Medications
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Fibromyalgia
www.mc.edu/campus/users/jbaker/mariannaspage.html
The Skeletal System
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Skeletal tissue
Ligaments: tough, dense, fibrous bands of
connective tissue that hold bones
together
Tendons: strong, tough cords of dense
connective tissue that usually attach
muscle to bone
Cartilage: semi-smooth, dense, supporting
connective tissue
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Major Spinal Disorders
Lordosis: an exaggerated inward curvature
of the spine
Kyphosis: an abnormal outward curvature
of the spine
Scoliosis: a lateral (sideways) curvature of
the spine
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Scoliosis
www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/19466.htm
Treatment Options
◦ Lordosis : weight loss; exercises to strengthen
abdomen; pelvic tilt exercises
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Kyphosis: exercises to strengthen muscles
and ligaments; back brace to stabilize
condition; spinal fusion and temporary
immobilization; vertebroplasty
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Scoliosis: exercise to strengthen weak
muscles ;back brace; fusion of the vertebrae
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Osteomyelitis
serious infection of bone that
requires aggressive antibiotic
treatment
Caused by bacterial
organisms, viruses, and fungi
Characterized by
inflammation, swelling,
redness, pain, localized heat,
and tenderness
www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/9712.htm
Osteomalacia
a defective mineralization of the bones,
causing them to become soft, flexible, and
deformed
Rickets: osteomalacia in children. Affects
the growing skeleton.
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Treatment:
◦ vitamin D supplements
◦ add vitamin D, calcium, and calcitonin to diet
◦ exposure to sunlight
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What Disease/Condition Am I?