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Integumentary System What in the world is integument? Hint: Integument means covering! What is in the Integumentary System? • • • • • Skin Hair follicles that produce hair Nails Sweat Glands that produce sweat Oil glands Two Main Layers • Epidermis • Top layer, many layers of cells - but only as thick as 2 sheets of notebook paper! • Most epidermal cells are dead and are filled with keratin to make the skin tough! • Sensory receptors and melanin are found in epidermis. Epidermis Bottom Layer • • • • Dermis Full of nerves for sensory Made of tough fibers for toughness Has collagen to absorb water and keep the skin hydrated Dermis Functions (Good Reasons to have Skin!) • Protection: Keeps moisture in and foreign particles (bad stuff) out! • Keeps you “in touch” – nerve endings in the skin allow you to feel what is around you – (senses pain, pressure, hot, cold, and touch) Two more Functions Good Reasons for Skin! • Regulates body temperature – sweat glands produce salty sweat that flows to surface of skin – As sweat evaporates, the skin cools! • Gets rid of wastes – Lots of chemicals can leave the body in the sweat! Hair • Protects skin from ultraviolet radiation • Keeps dust and insects out of your nose and eyes • Gets color from melanin • Regulates body temperature (Goose bumps are a sweater of hair) They trap the warm air around the body! Hair Nails • Protect the tips of your fingers and toes so they can remain soft and sensitive • If you have ever cut your nails too short, you know how many nerves are found there! • The light part at the base of your nail is called the lunula – nails are produced just beneath the lunula • New cells push older cell toward the edge of your nail Nails Skin Color • Melanin is one of three pigments in the skin that determines skin color • More melanin the darker the skin • Melanin absorbs the harmful radiation of the sun • Carotene is the yellowish pigment • Hemoglobin in the blood gives the skin its red coloration. Melanin Contagious Skin Disorders • Acne: plugged hair follicles form pimples – Cause is bacteria Boils • Boils: Painful infection of hair follicles by a Staph infection Fever Blisters • Fever Blisters: Fluid filled blisters Impetigo • Impetigo: Highly contagious skin infection caused by bacteria – fluid filled pustules forming yellow crust over infected area Warts • Small skin tumors caused by a viral infection that stimulate excessive growth of epithelial cells Alopecia • • • • Loss of hair Most prevalent in males Most inherited Can be caused by poor nutrition, drugs, eczema Eczema • Inflammation producing redness, itching, scalding and cracking of the skin • Caused by hyperactivity of the sebaceous glands (oil glands) Psoriasis • Chronic dermatitis characterized by reddish raised patches of skin covered with whitish scales • Result of excessive cell production caused by emotional stress and poor health Psoriasis Skin Cancer • Basal cell carcinoma – 70% treated by removal • Squamous carcinoma – Treatment consists of radiation and removal • Malignant melanoma - Most life threatening – starts as a mole, move to other locations – treatment is also radiation and removal Skin Cancer Skin Cancer Malignant Melanoma