Download STI presentation

The Culprits
Chlamydia
Cause
-An infection that infests the
neck of the cervix in women
and along the urethra in
men.
-It is also possible to have the
infection manifesting in the
throat and anus after sexual
activity.
-Spread via vaginal or anal
sex without a condom, also
possible to be contracted via
mutual oral sex
Symptoms
Treatment
Men:
Women:
-Possible for men to
display no symptoms
-Many cases whereby
no symptoms are
shown.
-May experience a
white or clear
discharge from the
penis
-Discomfort during
urination
-Commonly identified
via unusual vaginal
discharges
-Possible burning
sensation
experienced during
urination.
-There have also been
cases to show vaginal
bleeding after sex.
-If caught early enough, Chlamydia
can be treated with a single dose of
antibiotics
-More complicated instances may
need longer courses of prescriptions
-It is vital if found to be positive that
your partner if applicable is also
checked and screened for the
infection
Genital Herpes
Cause
-This condition is caused via
the contraction of the herpes
simplex virus or HSV .
-This can also be attributed
to cold sores on the mouth
-Triggered by skin to skin
contact via any form of anal,
vaginal or oral intercourse.
Symptoms
Men:
Treatment
Women:
-Cracks, splits or cuts
on the penis
-Clusters of small
blisters on the vulva
-Tingling or itching in
the genital region
-Can also travel to the
buttocks and anal
regions
-Flu like symptoms
-Commonly occurs in
episodes
-Blisters may turn into
ulcers which may last
for up to 7-10 days
- Antiviral tablets are available which
dampen the severity and frequency of
episodes
HIV / AIDS
Cause
--HIV is a blood born virus
and can be caught via
unprotected vaginal, anal
and oral sex.
-Also able to be caught via
the sharing of needles or any
other method of blood to
blood contact
- The human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
also referred to as the
Acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS) can be
triggered up to 5 years after
initial infection with the
virus.
-HIV is able to be found in
the blood, semen, vaginal
fluids and also breast milk of
confirmed cases.
Symptoms
Men:
Treatment
Women:
-Both men and women share similar symptoms
which include:
-Weight loss
-Tiredness
-Dry coughs
-Diarrhoea
-Decrease in appetite
-HIV weakens the immune system and causes
AIDS. The weakening of the immune system
allows various infections and cancers to take
hold.
-The transition from HIV to AIDS is generally
slow and it can be years before AIDS develops
if at all.
-
Currently there are no vaccines,
treatments or cures for people
with HIV/AIDS.
-
Medication is available to manage
HIV and will be required to take
for the rest of their lives.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Cause
HPV is caused through
unprotected vaginal and anal
sex, as well as skin to skin
contact.
Most people will have HPV at
some point in their life time
Symptoms
Men:
-
Can cause cancer
Genital warts that
are tough and
itchy
Treatment
Women:
-
-
Causes cervical
cancer and other
types of cancer in
women
Genital warts that
are tough and
itchy
-
-
Women are advised that once
they become sexually active they
should get a pap smear done
every two years. This involves
taking a swab from the cervix
There is no HPV test for men
-
Genital warts can be frozen off
with liquid nitrogen from the
doctor
-
Vaccines are available for both
girls and boys
Gonorrhoea
Cause
-Gonorrhoea is caused by the
contraction of the bacteria
known as neisseria
gonorrhoeae.
-Caused by unprotected
vaginal, oral or anal sex.
Symptoms
Men:
Treatment
Women:
-Males are swab tested from the
penis, anus or throat
-Burning sensation
during urination
-Unusual discharge
from the vagina
-Females are urine tested or also
swabbed at the cervix, anus or throat
-Discharge of fluids
from the penis
-Pain while urinating
-Once diagnosed the condition is
treated with antibiotics followed by a
second swap test to ensure the
infection is gone
-Pus discharge from
the penis
-Irregular skin
reactions
-Odorous smells
-Deep abdominal
pains during
intercourse
-Can cause pelvic
inflammatory disease
(PID) in women which
can lead to severe
chronic pain and
difficulty in
fertilisation
Hepatitis B
Cause
-Hep B is a virus which
affects the liver
Symptoms
Men:
Treatment
Women:
-Hepatitis refers to the
inflammation of the liver
Both men and women share symptoms for
Hepatitis B, which include:
-The virus can be caught via
unprotected vaginal, anal or
oral sex
-Strong fevers
-Sharing needles or sharp
objects
-Jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin)
-tattooing or other various
body piercing devices
-Loss of appetite
-Up to 10% of those with Hepatitis B will carry
it for life which may lead to liver cancers at
later stages of the lifespan
-There are developing treatments
being currently studied however no
set treatment is currently readily
available
Syphilis
Cause
-Triggered by the bacteria
treponema pallidum
-commonly spread via
unprotected vaginal, oral or
anal sex
-This condition can also be
passed down onto unborn
children in the womb
Symptoms
Men:
Treatment
Women:
-It is possible for no symptoms to be shown in
both men and women, however those who are
effected can shown signs of one of the three
possible phases of syphilis which are:
-Primary: 10 -90 days after initial virus
infection, a painless sore or chancre which may
spontaneously heal within 2-6 weeks may
appear
-Secondary: 2-8 weeks after infection, after
chancre appearances, Swollen glands and
rashes on the feet and hands are quite
common
-Tertiary: may not occur to many years later,
can trigger serious brain, heart or skin
deficiencies
- If found early, syphilis can be treated
with penicillin injections or tablets
- Durations and intensity of doses will
vary from person to person
Pubic Lice (Crabs)
Cause
-Public lice or crabs are tiny
parasites that infest pubic hair
and suck blood
-Transmitted through skin and
hair contact, as well as towels,
bedding and clothes
Symptoms
Itching and sores developing around
the pubic area. Have been known to
spread to other areas such as eye
lashes and under arms
Treatment
-Treated with lotions and creams
Prevention and Contraception
Causes of most STI’s
•You can get infected by:
• Having unprotected sexual intercourse with someone who already has an
STI. These include vaginal sex, anal sex, oral sex and oral-anal sex
•This includes the use of a sex toy that has no condom on it
•Some STI’s can be passed to another person through skin to skin contact
(Herpes and pubic lice)
•Sharing injecting equipment with anyone or letting someone pierce your skin
is also a risk
Prevention and Contraception
•
The best bays to protect yourself are:
– Use condoms and water based lubricants correctly with all partners
– Have sex without making contact with sexual fluids
– Safe sex also includes kissing, mutual masturbation and sensuous touching
– Be monogamous, that is, only have sex with your regular partner
– Choose abstinence, that is, don't have sex.
– Get yourself and you partner tested for STI’s before having sex for the first
time with each other. Do not engage in sexual activity with someone who
refuses to get tested
Barrier Methods
•Barrier methods are said to
be the most effective
method of preventing sti
infection, apart from
abstinence!
What it is?
How it works
Male Condom
This is a latex (or
polyurethane) sheath
that covers the erect
penis and prevents
semen entering the
vagina.
Female Condom
This is a loose
polyurethane sheath
with a flexible ring at
each end that sits in the
vagina and collects
semen.
Diaphragm Cap
This is a soft, shallow
rubber dome that fits in
the vagina, covers the
cervix and stops sperm
from entering the uterus.
Permanent Methods
•Abstinence is the most
effective way of preventing sti
infection, given that there is
no contact between someone
and sexual organs of another
person
What it is
How it
works
Abstinence
You don’t
have sex!
Campaign strategies to reduce the
numbers of Sti prevalence rate
Influences on decision making
The biggest problem with
our decision making is that
there are always factors
which sway our choices,
when it comes to the
sexual side of life there
generally tends to be
alcohol and drugs
involved. What we need to
ask ourselves is whether a
night of these is worth a
possible life of this?
References and Resources:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://www.mariestopes.com.au/services-for-women/contraception-and-contraceptive-methods
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/contraception_choices_explained
http://www.fpq.com.au/pdf/Contraception_Efficacy.pdf
http://www.fpv.org.au/1_12_12.html
http://image3.examiner.com/images/blog/EXID17320/images/Australian_STI_3(1).jpg
http://image3.examiner.com/images/blog/EXID17320/slideshows/Australia_STI_1.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/SOA-Chlamydia-trachomatis-female.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/SOA-Chlamydia-trachomatis-male.jpg
http://www.2womenshealth.com/images/31-03-4.jpg
http://ww2.justanswer.com/uploads/dramitmunjal/2007-03-13_141519_virus-genital-herpes.jpg
http://projectnewdawn.net/images/gono.jpg
http://www.bknowledge.org/bknow/userfiles/image/cancer/gonorrhoea_2.jpg
http://www.publichealth.pitt.edu/assets/Hepatitis_B_virions.jpg
http://www.gihealth.com/images/imgJaundiceBig.jpg
http://www.adhb.govt.nz/newborn/teachingresources/dermatology/Syphilis/SyphilisFoot1.jpg
http://depts.washington.edu/nnptc/online_training/std_handbook/gallery/images/syphilisrash.jpg
http://coolrain44.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/beer_collection.jpg
http://i280.photobucket.com/albums/kk180/elmntska5/HotChickInPinkPanties.jpg
http://www.gay-bible.org/blogstuff/2004%2006%2007%20(05b).jpg
Sexually transmitted infections: Treament is good / prevention is better booklet