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Body Membranes & Skin
Epithelial Membranes
3
Types
Cutaneous
Mucous
Serous
Cutaneous Membrane
SKIN!
Exposed
to air
and is a dry
membrane
Integumentary System
Made
up of skin
and its
components such
as sweat, oil,
glands, hair, &
nails.
Functions of the
Integumentary System
Protection
Regulate
Body Temperature
Insulates & Cushions
Makes Vitamin D
Prevents Water Loss
Structure of Integumentary
System
2
Types of tissues:
 Stratified
Squamous (epidermis)
 Dense Connective Tissue (dermis)
 Blister:
Forms when the epidermis
and dermis separate from each other.
 Subcutaneous Tissue: Adipose
tissue deep to the dermis. Serve as a
shock absorber & insulates deeper
tissue.
Formation of a Blister
Epidermis
 Avascular
(Men can shave skin layers
daily and not bleed!)
 5 Layers (Deep  Superficial)
1. Stratum germinativum (basale)
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum corneum (Thickest layer)
Epidermis still…..
 Melanin:
Pigment
which ranges in
color from yellow to
brown to black.
 Produced
by cells
called
melanocytes.
 Found in the
Stratum
germinativum.
Dermis
 Papillary
 Upper
dermal region
 Have dermal papillae
 Fingerprints
 Reticular
 Deepest skin layer
 Contains blood vessels,
sweat & oil glands
Red face after running?
 Blood
vessels
become engorged
and move to the
surface of the skin
to cool off and
regulate body
temperature.
Skin Color
3
Pigments contribute to skin color:
Amount of Melanin: (yellow, red,
brown, black…)
Amount of Carotene: (orange,
yellow)
Amount of Oxygen in
hemoglobin
More Skin Color…
 Erythema:
Blushing
 Blanching: Pale Ghost (Vasorestriction)
 Jaundice: Yellowing of Skin
 Hematoma: Bruise
Hair, Nails, & Burns
Hair Structure

Hair Bulb
 Root
 Medulla: inner central
core
 Cortex: surrounds
medulla
 Shaft: projects from the
skin
 Cuticle: outermost layer;
covers cortex)
Arrector Pili: Muscle that
is attached to hair follicle
(goosebumps)
Hair Types

Wavy Hair: Hair
shaft is OVAL
 Curly/Kinky Hair:
Hair shaft is FLAT
or RIBBON-LIKE
 Straight Hair: Hair
shaft is perfectly
ROUND
Nail Structure
 Free
Edge
 Nail Plate (top)
 Nail Bed (underside)
 Lunula
 Nail Fold (Cuticle)
 Nail Matrix
Burns







Rule of Nines: Divides the body into 11
areas each accounting for 9% of total body
surface.
Head = 9%
Chest and abdomen = 18%
Upper/mid/low back and buttocks =
18%
Each arm = 9%
Groin = 1%
Each leg = 18%
As an example, if both legs (18% x
2 = 36%), the groin (1%), and
the chest and abdomen (18%)
were burned, this would involve
55% of the body.
Burns
 Burns
are serious because victims lose
fluids and this affects all body systems.
 Skin
is sterile for 24 hours after a
severe burn, but after that bacteria and
fungi begin to invade.
st
1
Degree Burns
 Only
the epidermis is
damaged
 Area is red & swollen
 Usually heals within 23 days
 Ex. Sun burns
nd
2
Degree Burns
 Involves
injury to the
epidermis & upper
dermis region
 Skin is red with painful
blisters
 Regeneration of the
epithelium can occur
 Usually no permanent
damage
rd
3
Degree Burns
 Destroys
the entire
thickness of skin
 Burned area
appears blanched
(gray/white)
 Not painful b/c
nerve endings are
destroyed
 Regeneration is
not possible (skin
graphing)