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Medical Terminology
A Word-Building Approach
Seventh Edition
CHAPTER
5
Integumentary System
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Learning Outcomes
• Describe the integumentary system and its
accessory structures.
• List the functions of the skin.
• Analyze, build, spell, and pronounce
medical words.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Learning Outcomes
• Comprehend the drugs highlighted in this
chapter.
• Describe diagnostic and laboratory tests
related to the integumentary system.
• Identify and define selected abbreviations.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Multimedia Directory
Slide 34
Slide 40
Slide 48
Slide 49
Slide 58
Slide 68
Slide 75
Slide 76
Slide 111
Slide 112
Slide 123
Slide 126
Acne Video
Skin Cancer Video
Burns Animation
Burns Video
Decubitus Ulcer Video
Eczema Video
Inflammation Video
Inflammation Animation
Wound Repair Animation
Wound Care Video
TB Testing Video
Wound Cultures Video
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Anatomy and Physiology
Overview
• The integumentary system is composed of
the skin and its accessory structures: hair,
nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat
glands.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Functions of the Skin
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•
External covering of the body.
Largest organ in the body.
Supplied with blood vessels and nerves.
The four main functions of the skin:
– Protection
– Regulation
– Sensation
– Secretion
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Functions of the Skin
• Protection
– Protective membrane against invasion by
bacteria and other potentially harmful agents.
– Protects against mechanical injury of delicate
cells located beneath outer covering.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Functions of the Skin
• Protection
– Inhibits excessive loss of water and
electrolytes.
– Provides a reservoir for storing food and
water.
– Guards against excessive exposure to sun’s
ultraviolet rays.
– Helps to produce the body’s supply of vitamin
D.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Functions of the Skin
• Regulation
– To lower body temperature:
 Blood vessels in the skin dilate, bringing more
blood to the surface for cooling by radiation.
 At the same time, the sweat glands secrete more
sweat for cooling by means of evaporation.
– To raise body temperature:
 Skin’s blood vessels constrict, allowing more heatcarrying blood to circulate to the muscles and vital
organs.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Functions of the Skin
• Sensation
– The skin contains millions of microscopic
nerve endings that act as sensory receptors
for pain, touch, heat, cold, and pressure.
– The nerve endings in the skin are specialized
according to the type of sensory information
transmitted, and, once this information
reaches the brain, it triggers any necessary
response.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Functions of the Skin
• Secretion
– The skin contains millions of sweat glands,
which secrete perspiration or sweat, and
sebaceous glands, which secrete oil (sebum)
for lubrication.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Life Span Considerations
• Before birth, vernix caseosa, a cheeselike
substance, covers the fetus.
• At first, the fetal skin is transparent and
blood vessels are clearly visible.
• In about 13 to 16 weeks, downy lanugo
hair begins to develop, especially on the
head.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Life Span Considerations
• At 21 to 24 weeks, the skin is
reddish,wrinkled, and has little
subcutaneous fat.
• At birth, the subcutaneous glands are
developed, and the skin is smooth and
pink.
• Newborns have less subcutaneous fat
than adults; therefore, they are more
sensitive to heat and cold.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Layers of the Skin
• The skin is essentially composed of two
layers, the epidermis and the dermis.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Layers of the Skin
• Epidermis
– Outer layer of skin, thinnest on the eyelids
and thickest on the palms and soles.
– Divided into five strata:
 Stratum germinativum
 Stratum spinosum
 Stratum granulosum
 Stratum lucidum
 Stratum corneum
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.1
The integument: the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and its
appendages.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Layers of the Skin
• Dermis
– Sometimes called the corium or true skin.
– Composed of connective tissue containing
lymphatics, nerves and nerve endings, blood
vessels, sebaceous and sweat glands, elastic
fibers, and hair follicles.
– Attached to underlying structures by
subcutaneous tissue that supports, nourishes,
insulates, and cushions the skin.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Life Span Considerations
• As a person ages, the skin becomes
looser as the dermal papilla becomes
thinner.
• Collagen and elastic fibers of the upper
dermis decrease and skin loses its elastic
tone and wrinkles more easily.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Layers of the Skin
• Dermis
– Upper or Papillary Layer
 Arranged into parallel rows of microscopic
structures called papillae which produce ridges that
are one’s fingerprints or footprints.
– Lower or Reticular Layer
 Composed of white fibrous tissue that supports the
blood vessels.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Accessory Structures
of the Skin
• Hair
– A thin, threadlike structure formed by a group
of cells that develop within a hair follicle or
socket.
– Each hair is composed of a shaft, which is the
visible portion, and a root, which is embedded
within the follicle.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Accessory Structures
of the Skin
• Hair
– At the base of each follicle is a loop of
capillaries, enclosed within connective tissue,
called the hair papilla.
– The pilomotor muscle attaches to the side of
each follicle.
– Hair around the eyes, in the nose, and in the
ears serves to filter out foreign particles.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.2
Cross section of skin and a hair follicle.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Accessory Structures
of the Skin
• Nails
– Fingernails and toenails are horny cell
structures of the epidermis and are composed
of hard keratin.
– A nail consists of a body, a root, and a matrix
or nailbed.
– The white, crescent-shaped area of the nail is
the lunula (little moon).
– Nail growth may vary with age, disease, and
hormone deficiency.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.3
The fingernail, an appendage of the integument.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Life Span Considerations
• By age 50, approximately half of all people
have some gray hair.
• Scalp hair thins in women and men and
becomes dry and often brittle.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Life Span Considerations
• Some older women may have an increase
in facial hair due to hormonal changes,
and some men may have an increase in
hair of the nares (nostrils), eyebrows, or
helix of the ear.
• Nails can flatten and become discolored,
dry, and brittle.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Accessory Structures
of the Skin
• Sebaceous (oil) glands
– The oil-secreting glands of the skin.
– Tiny ducts open into the hair follicles, and
their secretion (sebum) lubricates the hair as
well as the skin.
– The amount of secretion is controlled by the
endocrine system and varies with age,
puberty, and pregnancy.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Accessory Structures
of the Skin
• Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
– These coiled, tubular glands are distributed
over the entire surface of the body, with the
exception of the margin of the lips, glans
penis, and the inner surface of the prepuce.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Accessory Structures
of the Skin
• Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
– The skin contains two types of sweat glands:
 apocrine sweat glands are located in the armpits,
around the nipples, and in the groin.
 merocrine sweat glands are most numerous in the
palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Accessory Structures
of the Skin
• Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
– The sweat glands secrete sweat, or
perspiration, which:
 helps to cool the body by evaporation.
 rids the body of waste through the pores of the
skin.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.4
Acne. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Audio Pronunciations
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Acne
Acrochordon
Actinic dermatitis
Albinism
Alopecia
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
acr/o = extremity
chord = cord
-on = pertaining to
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.5
Acne fulminans. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Acne Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of acne.
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Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.6
Photodermatitis. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.7
Alopecia areata. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.8
Male pattern alopecia. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Audio Pronunciations
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Anhidrosis
Autograft
Avulsion
Basal cell carcinoma
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.9
Basal cell carcinoma. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Skin Cancer Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of skin cancer.
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Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Life Span Considerations
• Premalignant and malignant skin lesions
increase with aging and with overexposure
to the sun.
• Carcinomas appear frequently on the
nose, eyelid, or cheek.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Life Span Considerations
• Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) account for
80 percent of the skin cancers seen in the
older adult.
• These cancers are generally slow growing
but should be surgically removed as soon
as possible.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Audio Pronunciations
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Bite
Boil
Bulla
Burn
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.10
Brown recluse spider bites. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.11
Tick bite. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.12
Flea bites. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.13
Bulla. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Burns Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation on the topic of burns.
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Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Burns Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of burns.
The video may take a moment to begin playing.
Back to Directory
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.14
Burn, second degree. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.15
Characteristics of burns by depth of thermal injury.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Audio Pronunciations
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Callus
Candidiasis
Carbuncle
Causalgia
Cellulitis
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
caus = heat
-algia = pain
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.16
Candidiasis. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.17
Carbuncles. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.18
Cellulitis. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Audio Pronunciations
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Cicatrix
Comedo
Corn
Cryosurgery
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Audio Pronunciations
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Cutaneous
Cyst
Debridement
Decubitus ulcer
Dehiscence
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Decubitus Ulcer Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of decubitus ulcers.
The video may take a moment before playing.
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Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.19
Decubitus ulcer staging.
(Courtesy of Sandra Quigley, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.19 (continued)
Decubitus ulcer staging.
(Courtesy of Sandra Quigley, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.20
Wound dehiscence, back. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Audio Pronunciations
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Dermabrasion
Dermatitis
Dermatologist
Dermatology
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Figure 5.21
Dermatitis, poison ivy. (Courtesy of Jason L. Smith, M.D.)
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Audio Pronunciations
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Dermatome
Dermomycosis
Ecchymosis
Eczema
Erythema
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
FYI
• To help prevent contact dermatitis with
poison ivy, learn to recognize and avoid
poison ivy.
• If in contact with poison ivy, oak, or
sumac, wash skin immediately with soap
and water to remove oleoresin within 15
minutes of exposure.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
FYI
• Oleoresin, the extract of the plant, can be
active for 6 months on surfaces such as
clothing.
Medical Terminology: A Word-Building Approach, Seventh Edition
Jane Rice
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.