Download Ancient Greece - Mr. G Educates

Ancient Greece
Battle of Marathon
490 B.C.E.
Essential Questions
• 6.G.1 Understand geographic factors that influenced
the emergence, expansion and decline of civilizations,
societies and regions (i.e. Africa, Asia, Europe, and
the Americas) over time.
• 6.H.2 Understand the political, economic and/or
social significance of historical events, issues,
individuals and cultural groups.
• 6.C.1 Explain how the behaviors and practices of
individuals and groups influenced societies,
civilizations and regions.
Clarifying Objectives
• 6.G.1.1 Explain how the physical features and human characteristics
of a place influenced the development of civilizations, societies and
regions (e.g., location near rivers and natural barriers, trading
practices and spread of culture).
• 6.G.1.3 Compare distinguishing characteristics of various world
regions (e.g., physical features, culture, political organization and
ethnic make-up).
• 6.H.2.2 Compare historical and contemporary events and issues to
understand continuity and change.
• 6.C.1.1 Analyze how cultural expressions reflected the values of
civilizations, societies and regions (e.g., oral traditions, art, dance,
music, literature, and architecture).
Essential Questions
• How did the Athenians use NATURAL BARRIERS during the Battle of
Marathon?
• Why would the Athenians choose to live in a region that had
NATURAL BARRIERS?
• How does the region of Greece’s physical features help Ancient
Greece in their famous battles?
• How do today’s Marathons relate to the Ancient Battle of
Marathon?
• How did the Athenians create a culture expression to honor victory
at the battle of Marathon?
Ancient Greece
• Ancient Greece is located
between the Mediterranean
Sea & Aegean Sea
• It is known for beautiful SEA
& MOUNTAIN settings
• These distinguishing
features have PROTECTED
Greece for hundreds of
years
Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• How does the region of Greece’s physical
features help Ancient Greece in their famous
battles?
• Why would the Athenians choose to live in a
region that had NATURAL BARRIERS?
Athens will Burn
• Darius never forgot about
his hatred of Ancient
Greece and planned an all
out attack
• He had to decide whether
to attack
① Attack by land
② Attack by sea
• He decides to attack by land
and march 26.2 miles to
Athens and burn it to the
ground
Athens Overmatched
• Athens going into the Battle of
Marathon only had 10,000
men
• King Darius of Persia had
united the Persian Army and
now was trying to get revenge
on Athens
• Darius brings 20,000 men to
attack at Marathon
• Athens did have one secret
weapon
Natural Barriers
• Athens General
Miltiades knows that
for Darius to march to
Athens he needs to go
through the mountains
• Miltiades will block the
mountain pass with his
men
Natural Barriers
• The mountains on the
sides of Miltiades
Athenian Army serve as
PROTECTION so the
large Persian Army
could not get the
Athenians from the side
• NATURAL BARRIERS
always are used as
PROTECTION
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=zgUFIfuRN0
• 16:42-18:30
Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• How did the Athenians use NATURAL
BARRIERS during the Battle of Marathon?
Phalanx Formation
• Athenian General
Miltiades uses the
Phalanx Battle
Formation
• This is very affective
because the natural
barrier of the mountain
does not allow the
Persians to get to the
sides
Cork in a Bottle
• Miltiades men form a
kind of “Cork in a
Bottle”
• Persians must break
through the “Cork” to
get through the
mountain pass & on to
Athens
Persians Land in Marathon Bay
• Persians send 10,000
Light Infantry at the
Athenians
• Persian Light Infantry
carry small swords and
wicker shields
• They slam up against the
Athenian Phalanx & are
no match for the
Athenians
Immortals
• Immortals were the
Heavy Infantry of the
Persians
• Immortals are the
Athenians worst
nightmare
• They are killing machines
that are very well trained
and have never lost a
battle
Miltiades changes his Plan
• Because the Immortals
were so deadly Miltiades
has to change his strategy
• Miltiades brings his
Phalanx out of the
Mountain pass to the
mouth of the pass
• This is so he has a little bit
of room on the flanks to
close in
Miltiades changes his Plan
• Because the mouth of
the pass is wider he has
to take some of his men
out of the CENTER of
the Phalanx & put them
on the sides to fortify
the sides
• This made the center of
the Phalanx weaker but
the sides stronger
Why make the sides Stronger
• The reason he made the
sides stronger…
① He wanted to make
sure the Persians
couldn't get to the
sides and surround him
② He knew the Persians
like to use their
Horseman to attack
from the sides because
that is the weakest part
of an army
Immortals Attack
• Immortals attack the center
of the Phalanx crashing into
the Athenians and
immediately pushing them
back
• He realizes that the
Immortals are pushing him
back and he is losing
• The Phalanx is about to bust
open
Surprise!!
• Although the center of
the Phalanx is being
pushed back
• The sides (Flanks) are
holding up and pushing
back the Immortals on
the sides
Miltiades orders a Surrounding
• Miltiades seeing that
the Phalanx on the
sides is slaughtering the
Immortal guard orders
the side Phalanxes to
collapse to the center
• The Persians are
surrounded on 3 sides
and panic
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=zgUFIfuRN0
• 29:02-36:28
Persian Retreat
• Knowing that they are
beat the Persians
retreat to Marathon Bay
where their ships are as
they are being chased
by the Athenians
• The Athenians cannot
get there in time and
the Persians shove off &
head for Athens
Mixed Emotions
• Miltiades is very happy as
he has defeated the
Persian Army at
Marathon only having
10,000 warriors
• He is SCARED though
because he knows that
they have gotten back on
the ships and are heading
to Athens to burn it down
Running the Marathon
• Miltiades sends a runner
named Pheidippides to
warn the city of Athens
• The runner will have to
run 26.2 miles from
Marathon Bay to the city
of Athens
• He runs all night long
Finishing the Marathon
• The runner reaches Athens
from Marathon in the
morning and runs into the
center of town square &
yells NIKE which is the
Greek Goddess of VICTORY
• He warns that the Persians
are on their way
• He throws up his hands
collapses and dies
• http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=zgUFIf-uRN0
• 38:02-38:45
Athens Army Assembles
• Because of the messenger
Athens assembles an
army to wait for the
Persians at Athens
• The Persians get to
Athens and see the
massive Athenian Army
waiting for them
• Persians decide better of
attacking & sail home
Athens is Saved
• Miltiades saves the city
of Athens by….
① Using a NATURAL
BARRIER to defend
Marathon Bay
② Send the messenger to
run the “Marathon” to
warn Athens that the
Persians were coming
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=zgUFIfuRN0
• 39:50-41:00
Parthenon
• A tribute to the Greek
Goddess Athena is built to
honor the soldiers at the
Battle of Marathon
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=1_Xr4u8mo
fU
• This building is called the
PARTHENON
• 21:29-22:53
• On its walls 192 figures are
carved to honor all 192
Athenians soldiers that died
at the Battle of Marathon
Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• How did the Athenians create a culture
expression to honor victory at the battle of
Marathon?
Marathons Today
• Battle of Marathon still
lives with us today
• People run long distance
races today called
Marathons
• These races are exactly
26.2 miles the exact
distance from Marathon
Bay to Athens
Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• How do today’s Marathons relate to the
Ancient Battle of Marathon?
Important Points
• 6.G.1.1 (Natural Barriers)
Miltiades used the Natural
Barrier of a mountain pass
to PROTECT his civilization
from invasion
• 6.H.2.2 (Contemporary &
Historical Events) Long
distance races that are 26.2
miles long are still called
Marathons today in honor
of the Battle of Marathon
• 6.G.1.3 (distinguishing
characteristic of regions
[physical features]) Most of
Greece has mountains
which played an important
role in Ancient Greece’s
famous battles
• 6.C.1.1 (Architecture)
Athenians constructed the
PARTHENON to celebrate
the victory @ Marathon