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14 – 2 The Solar System Warm - Up 1. List the planets in order; include the asteroid belt. 2. What did Copernicus do? 3. What did Kepler do? 4. What is the difference between rotation and revolution? The Solar System The Solar System Solar System – made up of 9 planets (including Pluto) Including numerous other objects that orbit the sun Measuring Space Astronomical Units – AU’s 150 million km’s 93 million miles Distance from Earth to Sun Outer Planets Pluto? Neptune Uranus Saturn Jupiter Gas Giants Exception of Pluto No solid surface Rings of dust and ice Exception Pluto Moons Pluto Small rocky frozen crust Farthest from sun Smallest No rings One moon – Charon (1/2 size of Pluto) See Ya Pluto! Pluto is now considered to be a dwarf planet. Neptune 8th planet from Sun Ringed Pluto occasionally crosses inside Neptune’s orbit Atmosphere made of methane Blue / Green Color Neptune From 1979-1999 Neptune was further away then Pluto Uranus 7th planet from Sun Axis it tilted horizontally Thin Rings Saturn 6th planet from the sun Rings made of ice and rock Size of dust to meters Saturn 2nd largest Least dense – would float in water Jupiter 5th planet from the sun Largest planet 28 moons Some larger than Pluto Io – more active volcanoes than anywhere in solar system Jupiter The Great Red Spot A giant swirling high pressure gas storm in Jupiter’s atmosphere Much larger than Earth Asteroid Belt Between Jupiter and Mars Might have become planets if not for Jupiter's gravity Meteoroids, Meteors, Meteorites Meteoroid: small pieces of rock moving through the solar system Meteor: Small piece of rock as it passes through the Earths atmosphere Meteorite: Rock that did not burn up and made it to Earth’s surface. Comets Giant dirty snowballs Made of dust and frozen gases Ice Orbit close to sun – Radiation vaporizes materials Gas and dust forms a tail Inner Planets Solid and rocky Also called “Terrestrial Planets” Planets closest to the Sun Mars 4th planet from the sun Probes sent to explore planet Polar ice caps Signs that once had liquid water Mars Red Planet – looks red due to iron oxide on surface The Face on Mars The Face on Mars Martian sculpture? New images show eroded raised surface Earth 3rd planet from sun Water exists as a liquid, solid, and gas Atmosphere keeps UV rays out Only planet with life Venus 2nd planet Thick clouds trap heat 878 F Hotter than Mercury Rains sulfuric acid Mercury Closest to the sun 2nd smallest Lots of craters on surface