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Solar System (Sizes to scale) Inner solar system… • Consists of: – – – – Sun Mercury Venus Earth • Moon – Mars – Asteroid belt • Ceres – Other debris • Asteroids Sun • Contains 99.8% of all the mass of the solar system • Only star in our solar system • 865,000 miles in diameter Mercury • Closest planet to the sun • The smallest of the 8 planets • 2nd hottest planet • Very rocky… like Earth • No stable atmosphere View from Mariner 10 (1974) of Mercury View from Messenger (2008) of Mercury Venus • 2nd closest planet to the sun • Hottest planet – Reach 860 degrees Fahrenheit • Dense atmosphere – Mainly Carbon Dioxide – Greenhouse effect • Why its so hot! • Sister planet Hot, rocky surface of Venus Clouds of Venus Mars • 4th planet from the sun – After Earth • Atmosphere mainly Carbon Dioxide • Polar ice caps – Frozen water • Used to have liquid water in the past Mars surface Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system Asteroid belt • Rocks that never clumped together to form a planet • Proto-planet – Ceres • Can sometimes make way into inner solar system Gaspra- Asteroid found in the Asteroid belt (1991) Outer solar system… • Consists of: – – – – – Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Kuiper belt • Pluto – Scattered disc • Eris Jupiter • Largest planet in solar system • Mainly Hydrogen and Helium – Enough gravity to hold onto these light elements • Not rocky… Gas giant • Has 63 moons… 47 of which are named Is Jupiter large? Hurricane the size of Earth Saturn • • • • 2nd largest planet Known for its rings debris orbiting the planet Very similar to Jupiter One of its moons, Ganymede, is larger than Mercury… and is the only moon to possess an atmosphere Is Saturn large? Voyager image of Saturn’s rings Uranus • 7th planet from the sun • Completely tilted on its axis – 97.77 degrees • Winds can reach up to 560 mph • Many poisonous gases in the atmosphere Neptune • Farthest planet from the sun • Fastest winds in the solar system – 1300 mph • Methane atmosphere • Dark spots are huge hurricanes Kuiper belt • This is where Pluto is found • Similar to the asteroid belt – Contains debris that didn’t become part of a planet Largest objects found in the Kuiper belt Put it all together… Mercury-Venus-Earth-Mars-Asteroid belt-Jupiter-Saturn-Uranus-Neptune-Kuiper belt (Pluto)-Scattered disc (Eris)