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Java WWW Week 2 JSP structure and models Format of lecture: Assignment context JSP models JSPs calling other JSPs i.e. breaking up work Parameter passing JSPs with Add SQL examples Summary Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 1 Java WWW Week 2 JSP Built-in Objects JSPs have access to several objects that we can use when processing a request from a browser and then generate a dynamic response. There are eight in all: request out response pagecontext session application config page Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 2 Java WWW Week 2 Built-in objects You will see these objects being used in the examples provided during the module coverage of JSPs. Request objects methods allow us to access information about: The user HTTP headers Clients machine Request URL and parameters. Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 3 Java WWW Week 2 Built-in objects Response objects methods allow access to: Setting HTTP headers. Set cookies. Encode session information into URLs. Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 4 Java WWW Week 2 Built-in objects Out object - has methods to generate and control output to the browser. PageContext object - has page attributes. Page object - represents the servlet instance i.e. the object generated from having compiled the JSP. Application object - used for extracting information about the lifecycle of the Servlet. Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 5 Java WWW Week 2 The Structure of JSPs An initial selection of tags to get to know (Scriptlet Tags = v. important!!!). <% //embed Java code %> Used for embedding blocks of Java code into JSPs. Scriptlets provide control structures like decision (if and switch) and iteration control structures (for and while). Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 6 Java WWW Week 2 Structure of JSPs Declaration Tags – also important. <%! // Variable declaration - method declaration %> Used for declaring variables and methods. For example: <%! HttpSession ses = null; %> <%! public String whereFrom(HttpServletRequest req) { ses = req.getSession(); return req.getRemoteHost(); } %> <% out.print("Hi there, I see that you are coming in from "); %> <%= whereFrom(request) %> Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 7 Java WWW Week 2 Structure of JSPs Expression Tags. <%= java expression %> Used for inserting the value of a Java expression into JSPs. e.g. <td><%= rs.getString("LastName") %></td> Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 8 Java WWW Week 2 Structure of JSPs Directive Tags – used to provide information to the JSP server. There are three directives: page include taglib We will only review the page and include directive. Page Directive - used to set properties of the JSP. E.g. what packages it imports from the Java library or is an error page. <%@ page page_attributes %> e.g. <%@ page import="java.sql.*" %> <%@ page errorPage=“myErrorPage.jsp" %> Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 9 Java WWW Week 2 Catching Errors – myErrorPage.jsp <%@ page isErrorPage="true" %> <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>My Error Page</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY> <H2>Exception Information</H2> <TABLE> <tr><td>Exception Class: </td><td><%= exception.getClass() %></td></tr> <tr><td>Message: </td><td><%= exception.getMessage() %></td></tr> </TABLE> </BODY> </HTML> Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 10 Java WWW Week 2 JSP Action Tags Action tags are used to perform actions when a JSP page is requested by a browser. There are six JSP action tags: useBean setProperty getProperty Include Forward plugin We will review two of them in during the module: include forward Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 11 Java WWW Week 2 include action and directive Actions and Directives – there is a difference: Actions are elements that can create and access programming language objects and affect the output stream include Action. <jsp:include page= “Relative_URL” /> Used to include the output of another JSP include Directive. <%@ include file=“Relative_URL_to_file” %> Used to include the text of another file There are examples of both on the Tomcat server Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 12 Java WWW Week 2 include example <body> <%@ page buffer="5" autoFlush="false" %> <p>In place evaluation of another JSP which gives you the current time: <jsp:include page="clock.jsp" flush="true"> <jsp:param name="type" value="small"> </jsp:include> </html> See: http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/tags/12/syntaxref1214.html Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 13 Java WWW Week 2 Action or Directive? Well both have their pros and cons and, as always, it just depends on what your requirements are. The benefits of using the <jsp:include/> ACTION are: Guarantees automatic recompilation, Smaller class sizes, Can make use of parameters (treated like form parameters) JSP expressions can be used in attribute values One of the main benefits of using the include DIRECTIVE is that local page variables can be shared between the two files. It also has slightly better run time efficiency and doesn't restrict output buffering. Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 14 Java WWW Week 2 forward Action <jsp:forward page=“Relative_URL” /> Used to forward the request to another JSP This will forward the current request object to the specified file When a forward tag is encountered, the JSP engine doesn't process the remainder of the current JSP file Anything that has been written into the output buffer by the current JSP file will be lost The following example tests the virtual memory and either forwards to another .jsp or another html page - see code screen grab on next page… Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 15 Java WWW Week 2 forward Action example <% double freeMem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory(); double totlMem = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory(); double percent = 100*freeMem/totlMem; if (percent < 50.0) { %> <jsp:forward page="/jsp/forward/one.jsp"/> <% } else { %> <jsp:forward page="two.html"/> <% } %> </html> Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 16 Java WWW Week 2 Forward model Forward model Client Request HTML Form HTTP Server - Tomcat The JSP parses the input from the client form (and optionally updates the Database) JSP (optional) SQL HTML Form JSP Response (optional) DATABASE Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 17 Java WWW Week 2 Demos in server folder CRUD examples Create(add);Retrieve(view/get); Adding information to a database Demo of a add JSP (addtousers.jsp) Retrieving (getting) information from the Guestbook database with JSPs Demo of a simple Get JSP (SimpleGetUserExample.jsp) Demo of a user input version of get (GetUserUsingInputExample.jsp) Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 18 Java WWW Week 2 addtousers.jsp Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 19 Java WWW Week 2 GetUserUsingInputExample.jsp Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 21 Java WWW Week 2 Summary You have learnt more about the structure of JSPs Learning from examples is good You have seen an Add something JSP You have seen a more sophisticated view something JSP (compared to last week with the simple guest listing) Version 2.2 2009 [email protected], [email protected] Slide 23
