Download US would be the “great arsenal of democracy” (again only allied

• U.S. would be the “great arsenal of
democracy” (again only allied power not
touched by war here at home)
• Show America the Story of Us: WWII 11:5015:39
• In June 1941 Hitler violating the Nazi-Soviet
Pact of 1939 & invaded Soviet Union = LendLease applied to USSR too (very strained relations
with this ally, didn’t recognize as country til 1932, USSR refusal
to pay War debts, sent troops to help whites v. reds, they
encouraged communist activity in U.S.)
From
North
Africa…
…to D-Day

U.S. enters the fight from
northwest Africa; they were very
ineffective at first
 General George Patton (U.S.) colorful, controversial,
effective in charge of N.African
Campaign
• Germans are
defeated in N.
Africa by being
pinched on both
sides
• Within Nazi
occupied
countries,
resistance began
to occur
(sabotage, spying)
Battle of El Alamein –GB stop
Nazis from getting to Middle
East oil & attacking USSR
from South.
• Allies successful in N.Africa & has to
leave 300,000 soldiers behind.
•
•
•
•
Southern Europe in 1943
U.S. and G.B. invade Sicily
Italy is invaded next
Mussolini is overthrown & Italian
government surrendered (Mussolini
tries to flee to Germany but caught & drug
through streets)(said to be the soft
underbelly of the Axis Powers)
• Germans defend Italy stubbornly w/
German soldiers plugging lines.
• Italy slowly fell after taking 1yr to
climb up peninsula & only made it
to Rome (½ way up peninsula) (not
the soft underbelly)
Invasion of western Europe:
 Soviets were pressuring Britain and the
U.S. to open a western front
 2 years of planning D-Day
•
General Dwight
Eisenhower (U.S.) Supreme Allied
Commander –
• Patton becomes decoy
 Massive build up in England of
Allied troops, planes, ships, and arms

June 6, 1944 > D-Day
- Invasion at Normandy, France
- 300,000 military personnel
involved
- 176,000 troops landed
- 5,000 naval vessels
- 11,000 aircraft
• Hitler knew allies would invade
France so fortified France along
the English Channel
• Allies had advantage of surprise
because Hitler didn’t know when
or where
• By spring U.S. had 1.5 m soldiers,
12,000 airplanes, 5 m. tons of
equipment
•Needed low tide & no storms
•small window from June 5 – 7
•Ike’s staff called date for
invasion begins w/ Letter D
•So when weather bad on June 5th &
reports called for improvement on
June 6th - Ike said “OK we’ll go”
 At end of the long and
deadly day, the Allies had a
beach head in France from
which they could drive into
Europe
 It was a major turning
point in the war
 The Allies
are now in
a position
to challenge
the German
grip on western Europe
•
Show America the Story of Us: WWII 27:09-38:00
• D-Day (33:09-38:00)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Battle of El Alamein
Battle of Midway
Tuskegee Airmen
Nisei regiments
Navajo communication codes
Bataan Death March & the Geneva Convention
Genocide & the Final Solution
Rosie the Riveter
Internment of Japanese Americans
Facts and
Images of…
The
Holocaust
4th stopped here
The Facts
 Anti-Semitism
(anti-Jews)had
been a common
belief among some
Germans for
decades
 Hitler and the
Nazi’s stirred the
hatred –needed a
scapegoat
• 1933 label who is
Jewish 1st degree v.
2nd degree
• boycott Jewish stores –
• If 2nd degree could be
in army but not officer
• Register guns & later
came to collect them so
couldn’t fight back.
(2nd Amend argument
today)
 Jews were required to
register with the state & have
Stars of David on them at all
times

Then, their economic
activity was limited and
then rights as citizens taken
away = barred from certain jobs, no
intermarriage, synagogues & Jewish businesses
closed, pay fines.
 Then, the
Nazi’s
isolated Jews in
ghettos -after invasion of Poland,
too many to contain so Ghettos until
concentration camps could be built.
Ghettos were shut off from supplies & food.
 Eventually,
concentration
camps
“The Final
Solution” Extermination-
Germany
never publicized so to meet little
resistance. Govt heard rumors but couldn’t
prove
 Gas chambers,
crematoriums
 12 million
people
killed by the Nazis
(Slavs, Gypsies,
handicapped, homosexuals too)
 6 million
were Jews
(between 1933-1939 1/2 million Jews escaped Europe
before Final Solution to U.S. , Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay,
Israel (Palestine) & China)
Shoes of victims
• Show WWII the end game
(ipod) 9:58-19:16
Defeating the
JAPANESE
in the Pacific
2. Amphibious warfare –water to land
invasions –
“Island hopping”
. Aircraft carriers were
crucial – so important that Japan didn’t get our
carriers at Pearl Harbor (Yamamato knew it too)
The Japanese were fierce
defenders, thus, the “island to
island” fighting in the Pacific was
long, hard, and deadly
Kamakazi, women jumping off cliffs, more hand to hand combat &
guerilla style warfare
U.S. Commanders in the Pacific
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Commander of Army
Admr. Chester Nimitz
Commander of Navy
Battle
of
the
Coral
Sea
M
• Japan trying to conquer Australia
a• Allies lost more ships but
p stopped Japan’s Offensive
• 1st time fleets never came in
sight of each other=carrier based
planes
Battle of
Midway
• Japan attempted to invade Midway
(1,000 miles from Hawaii) (if Midway
conquered then Hawaii invaded)
• Nimitz intercepted message of
Japan preparing for invasion
• U.S. attacked while Jap. Fleet
preparing for invasion
• Jap. Caught off guard & lost 4
carriers, 1 cruiser & 322 planes
• U.S. now on offensive & sea power
edge over Japan (island hopping campaign
begins to inch closer to Japan)
• Japanese resort to suicide planes
taking out U.S. ships (Kamikaze)
(show
history channel)
• Success of Kamikazes –pilots took
out 47 allied vessels (sunk) &
damaged 300. 14% success rate)
• 3rd period stopped here
U.S. Preparing for invasion of
Japan / estimated loss of life w/
Japanese Kamikaze was @ 1
million deaths
Allies agreed on Unconditional Surrender
of all Axis powers & Japan refused to
surrender if emperor was removed
The Manhattan Project
• American scientists feared the
Nazis would develop an atomic
weapon 1939 Leo Szilard (born in Austria-Hungary)(world’s
top physicist learned German scientists had split the uranium atom
which released enormous energy so convinced Einstein to sign
letter w/ him to FDR warning him of German’s advances in weapon)
•The government began the largest,
costliest military project in history - to
build an atomic bomb first
(skeptics until 1941
joined w/ GB scientists who were already working on bomb)
(Secret program)
Manhattan
Project
• Under control of U.S.
Army Corp of
Engineers
• Led by Robert
Oppenhimer, Berkley
Physicist (will be accused of
being a spy)
• 30 sites across the
U.S. including
Uranium enrichment
Research Facility at
Oak Ridge, TN (30
miles outside
Knoxville)
• In July 1945, (about year after D-Day
invasion) an atomic bomb was
successfully detonated in
the desert of New Mexico
38:07 America story of us WWII -
The Decision, Why?
• Fighting on the Pacific islands had
been horrific
(Iwo Jima 23,000 casualties & Okinawa
50,000)
• Casualty estimates for taking
Japan’s homeland were huge (1 million)
(McArthur estimated– 10 years, no limit
on casualties)
• FDR died in office & Truman didn’t
know of the project until becoming
president.
• It was made on the basis of
ending the war as soon as
possible with the least amount
of casualties
The Bombing
• August 6, 1945 at Hiroshima
- Vaporization area was
half mile in diameter
- Total destruction area was one
mile in diameter
- Within a diameter of two and
a half miles, everything
flammable burned
- 80,000 to 120,000 deaths (thousands
more died later from burns & radiation)
Hiroshima Before
Hiroshima After
• August 9, 1945 at Nagasaki
- 40,000 deaths from impact
“Fat Man” dropped by pilot Sweeney but finds obscure view in town of
Kokura so decide on Nagasaki but almost run out of gas.
• Deaths, illness, and birth
defects from radiation would
continue for decades
•Show End Game ipod 29:3535:00
The Affect of Nuclear Weaponry
• Japan surrenders
unconditionally (emperor heard on
radio for 1st time surrendering)
• Changes modern warfare
- Stakes are higher
- Potential of destroying
civilizations
• Establishes the U.S. as the
mightiest military force in
human history
• Go to Beginning of Cold War Notes
• Navajo Code Talkers in
WWII – enemy never broke
the U.S. code & therefore
could gain the upper hand
on U.S. intelligence
• (show Najajo Code Talkers
real player)
Conduct of War
• Geneva Convention –
attempted to ensure
humane treatment of
POWs (not by Japan)(didn’t sign but
verbally agreed)
• Japanese culture codes had
soldiers and civilians
commit suicide rather than
surrender (so thought Americans coward
who surrendered)
• American POWs suffered
brutal treatment and
forced to march 100s miles
into interior of Philippines
with little food & water,
tortured POWs -Bataan
• Show America the Story of
Us: WWII 40:59- 44:00 –