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APWH 1450-1750 AFRICA 1450-1750 Key Concepts • • • • 1st significant Euro contact with Africa Motivations for Euro contact: 3 G’s Main interest of Euros in Africa: slave trade Major conflicts: among rival groups within Africa (Moroccan invasion of the Songhai in 1591) • Depopulation of some areas of Africa • Political, economic, and social structures of Africa remained largely intact until the 19th century AFRICA 1450-1750 Key Terms • • • • • • • • Benin Cape Colony Cassava Dahomey Gold Coast Hausa Kongo Maize • • • • • • • Manikongo Oyo Slave Coast Songhai Empire Swahili Coast Trans-Saharan trade Whydah THE MIDDLE EAST 1450-1750 Key Concepts • Capture of Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire (1453) • Euro powers challenged the empire’s social structure, economic prosperity, and political stability • Safavid Empire (Iran): land-based empire at a time when power and wealth came from naval might and sea trade • Global inflation caused by New World silver brought crisis to the OE and the SE THE MIDDLE EAST 1450-1750 Key Terms • • • • • • • Anderun Askeri Devshirme system Fatwa Harem Isfahan Ismail • • • • • • Janissary Mufti Qizilbash Raya Shari’a Sufi ASIA 1450-1750 Key Concepts • Resurgence of traditional Chinese social, political, and economic practices • China retreated from contact with lands to the east and west during the Ming • Tokugawa Shogunate centralized authority in Japan • Shoguns maintained strict control over foreign influences to minimize destabilizing influences in their society • Rise of Euro trade, laying the foundation for colonial domination • Akbar (Mughal emperor): policies of religious toleration allowed for Mughal Empire’s expansion • Akbar’s successors fail to maintain the centralized authority necessary to withstand European involvement in India ASIA 1450-1750 Key Terms • Canton system • Daimyo • Dutch East India Company • Jesuit • Kabuki theater • • • • • • Little Ice Age Manchu Rajputs Samurai Shogun Sikhs EUROPE 1450-1750 Key Concepts • Major changes after the Crusades and the Black Death • Towns and cities revived, driven by a growing Euro interest in trade which led to exploration and colonization • Humanist world view • Effects of the printing press (led to Sci. Rev. and Enlightenment) • Rise of absolutist regimes EUROPE 1450-1750 Key Terms • • • • • • • • • • Atlantic System Bourgeoisie Capitalism Caravel Catholic Counter Reformation Columbian Exchange Enlightenment Guild Humanist Indulgence • • • • • • • • • • • Joint-stock company Mercantilism Middle Passage Papacy Printing press Protestant Reformation Renaissance Scientific Revolution Serf Stock exchange vernacular THE AMERICAS 1450-1750 Key Concepts • Prior to Euro contact, civilizations throughout the Americas existed in relative isolation from one another • Explorers from Spain, Portugal, England, France, the Netherlands, and others settled throughout the Western Hemisphere • Effects of Columbian Exchange • Consequences of the introduction of African slaves • By 1750, Spain and Portugal controlled Mesoamerica and South America • North American territory was shared by several Euro colonial powers • British settlements would begin pressing for independence THE AMERICAS 1450-1750 Key Terms • • • • • • • • • • • Algonquin Arawak Atlantic System Ayllu Aztec Carib Chartered company Chinampas Columbian Exchange Conquistador Dutch West India Company • • • • • • • • • • • Encomienda Huron Iroquois Confederacy Inca Indentured servant Khipu Middle Passage Mit’a Plantocracy Treaty of Tordesillas viceroyalty MAJOR COMPARISONS • Compare European monarchies w/ land-based Asian Empires • Compare labor systems: Atlantic slave trade; plantation vs. encomienda systems • Compare the building of empires in Asia, Africa, Europe: How was power consolidated? Who had control? Who lost it? • Compare Russia’s interaction w/ West and China or the Ottoman Empire THE BIG PICTURE 1. Why did Europe become the dominant power 1450-1750? 2. Why were some European nation-states able to develop vast empires? 3. How did the various non-European cultures interact w/ Europeans? Why? Consequences? 4. How did the global economy change from 1450-1750? 5. How were the world’s civilizations impacted by this economic change?