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Download Industrial Revolution - EHSWorldStudiesJackoboice2011-2012
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Hook 4.14.2010 Why do you think the Industrial Revolution started? Industrial Revolution 1700-Present day Britain- “Workshop of the World” Blessed with coal and iron ore deposits Rich colonial trade-United States, Caribbean, India Adequate banking system to control the new markets-developed credit process and allowed people to keep a savings in bank Perfect Social Class structure The government formed a policy of noninterference in personal Britain cont… London was the largest city in Europe Took the lead in consumer Center of the fashion Largest free trade area in Europe Good Roads and Waterways No internal tariffs Political Stability Change in Industry Cotton made the first step from Cottage System to Factory System in 1770 The pressure for more technology for the cotton industry pushed all others to advance all means of production Cheap cotton made it possible for millions of poor to now afford undergarments Cotton became BR’s most lucrative product British Factories BR goods were sold everywhere in the world Steam Engine in 1800s revolutionized the production of cotton Steam engine proved indispensable Steam engine, unlike a person, was tireless Revolution in Transportation RR blew all modes of transportation away-greatest factor promoting European economic progress in the 1830s and 40s RR got their start in Germany in 1500 and in BR with coal in the 1600s-these were small handcarts pulled by cows or humans Textile Factories Factory became the chief means of organizing labor, work place shifted from artisan/cottage to factory People were paid wages, no ownership in product Demands a new type of discipline from the employees Laborers had a difficultly with the new laws of factory life, workers were forced to work regular hours in a job that was boring and repetitive The workers were punished or fined for being late and could be fired if drunk at work Children were punished the worst since they were beaten for behaving badly Laziness and wastefulness became sins Hook What does Cottage Industry mean: IR in France France had far less coal than England. Demand for goods was less Small family farms remained very common Their banking system also lagged behind Britain. The government also limited the production of industry The production of quality items still moved industry higher in France with gloves, umbrellas, and boots. IR in Germany Lagged behind Britain and France for 3 main reasons Multiplicity of the Independent states Labyrinth of tolls and customs barriers Monopolies held by guilds The German states took a major step towards industrialization when they formed the Zollverein, a customs union, in 1834. IR in US 1800 United States was agrarian with no city over 100,000 people 6/7 Americans were farmers By 1860 the population exploded from 5 mil. to 30 million.-larger than GB Almost half lived west of the Appalachians Now only 50% of pop lived off farms Women made up 80% of pop. in factories 1830’s and 40’s huge rush of immigrants from Ireland, Scotland, and Wales flooded America BR could NOT compete with the American output in products The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Dramatic population increase Europe was the most densely populated continent in the world. Increase did NOT come from more births, but fewer deaths Increase in food supply Wealthy move to the suburbs Artisans lived in small row houses near the city New products make life better for upper class Faster Transportation Bad side effects Cholera tore a deadly path through much of Europe in the 1830’s and reappeared in the 1890’s. Severe congestion in the countryside led to the famine. Poor live in the depths of the city Sanitation did NOT exist City streets were sewers Smelled horrible-death traps Food was rotten in the city and additives were used to make it look safe Government refused to intervene and clean up the city New Social Class emerges New bourgeoisie class involved in commerce and banking New class built factories, brought in new machines The men become the sole providers for the family and women stay home with the children All children are sent to school Working class New families that moved from the farm to the city Enjoyed little to NO luxuries in life Large families/ Children=Wages Life expectancy falls Many families share one house Working in a Factory 12/16 hours days, 6 days a week 30 minute lunch and dinner breaks Worst places to work were cotton factories and coal mines Coal miners had to work in tunnels no larger than 3-4 feet high, horrible pollution Child Labor was exploited-easier to force into jobs, few would stand up for children, paid less than half of an adult male, made up 50% of the labor force Reforms against injustice in the city 1848-Public Health Act went into affect to aid problems of Sanitation-Cholera 1830/1840-Child Labor Laws finally created, but no one followed them. It was in everyone's best interest to ignore the rule to make a profit Factory Act of 1802/1891: – limited hours of work to 12 for all under 16 – No children under 9 can work – Only laws for Cotton mills Factory Act 1833: – Children 9-13 8 hours/2 hours of education – Children 13-18 12 hours days – Included all Factories Hook What were the Factory acts of 1833 World Reforms Reform for the world came with the IR Liberalism – emerged supporting government protection of individual rights and civil liberties All wanted suffrage – the right to vote Socialism – All equal in the government Slavery is abolished in 1833 in all nations except the U.S. Victorian Age Did not experience revolts in 1848 – Economic growth-middle class say improvements in life Wages increased British feelings of national pride Queen Victoria (1837 – 1901) reflected the age – There was a sense of pride in ones hard work and merit in England. – Charles Darwin’s beliefs on the survival of the fittest were rampant throughout England. Time in England was the Victorian Era. England Politically Disraeli Leader of the Tory party, now called conservatives Reform Act of 1867 Supporter of expansionism and saving the Great British Empire Gladstone Prime Minister (1868–74, 1880–85, 1886 and 1892– 94). Leader of the Whigs now liberal party Home Rule Bill 1914 - est. Irish self government Let government jobs earned through civil service exam Secret Ballot No purchasing of military commissions Education Act of 1870 Hook 3.23.09 How did Charles Darwin make people more nationalistic? Britain overseas-Canada Upper Canada was English Speaking Lower Canada was French speaking By 1800 want more autonomy-desire for self government 1815-1850 By 1837 several groups rebelled against British The Dominion of Canada, 1867 – Own Constitution, own PM, own Parliament – Foreign affairs were controlled by Britain Britain overseas- New Zealand and Australia Britain took over Australia with the world traveler James Cook 1770 – Used as a penal colony – 1901 Commonwealth status New Zealand – Founded by James cook in 1820 – 1852- Self governing/ new constitution – 1893 – 1st country in the world to grant women rights to vote – 1907 – British dominion Reform in France After Napoleon- Louis XVIII took over the nation 1824 Louis XVIII died and his brother Charles X took over Charles X wanted absolute power and the people of France revolted in June and July Charles X ran away and Louis Philippe took the throne France cont… New leader Louis Philippe ruled under a Republic French parliament approved of this new government Monarchists hated this new rule- they wanted a king 1848 Louis Philippe is run out of the country and Louis Napoleon takes over Ruled under the Napoleon III Napoleon III like he uncle will rule as an emperor Russia Looking for water for trade Attack the Ottoman Empire for their seas- Black and Baltic Crimean war- Ottoman Empire vs. Russia in 1854 Russians are defeated when every power in Europe aligns with Ottomans Russia falls back into isolation United States in 1840s The United States: Civil War and Reunion – Differences between North and South The cotton economy-south, social class based on slavery Northern economy was industrial and focused on social class based on skills 1850s slavery caused the Whig party to collapse and the Democrats split North and south Election of Abraham Lincoln debate intensifies between North and South in the 1860s – secession of South Carolina, 1860 – Feb 1861 6 more states joined South Carolina Civil War, 1861-1865 – North has the advantage – 1863 Emancipation Proclamation-all slaves free in the Nation – Robert E Lee doesn’t officially surrender until April 1865
