Download The Age of Napoleon

The Age of
Napoleon
By: Amnah Ansari and Batoul
Kouli
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
“A leader is a dealer in hope..”
-Napoleon
I.
Born on August 15, 1799 in Corsica, and island in
the Mediterranean
II.
Son of Carlo Bonaparte who was a noble
III.
Ended the French Revolution
to two military schools in:
a) Bienne
b) Paris
V.
He was married to Josephine Beauharnais
a) Her connections to the gov got him in
command of the French army
NAPOLEON!
The Rise of
Napoleon
Military Success:
"A soldier will fight long and hard for a bit of colored
ribbon” -Napoleon
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Napoleon kept on rising in his positions:
a) Second lieutenant in the artillery at age 16
b) Brigadier General
c) Major General
d) Put in charge of the French army
He re-organized the army and defeated the Austrians and
Italians and had many victories in Egypt
His attack on Britain went terribly wrong and his army was
ravaged by plague and sickness
He returned to Paris and took complete control of France after
hearing of the military crisis
Napoleonic Wars:
I.
The Napoleonic wars were all the wars
in which Napoleon led the French army
against Austria, Italy, The
Netherlands, Egypt, and Syria.
Consul and Emperor:
“If you want a thing done well, do it yourself…”
-Napoleon
I.
II.
III.
Changed gov. from Directory to Consulate (1799)
a) Made himself consul
b) Republic (Napoleon had complete power)
Napoleon took control of :
a) Entire gov.
b) Members of bureaucracy
c) Army
d) Foreign affairs
e) Legislature
He crowned himself emperor in front of the pope
Napoleon’s
Domestic Policies
Peace with the Church:
” A nation must have a religion, and that religion
must be under the control of the government ..”-Napoleon
I.
II.
Napoleon ended the schism and restored Catholic
Church to the French
He didn’t particularly believe in any religion
“If I had to choose a religion, the sun as the universal giver
of life would be my god…”
Codification of Laws:
”Power is my witness. I have worked too hard at her
conquest to let anyone take her away from me..”
-Napoleon
I.
II.
III.
IV.
The Napoleonic Code was his most famous
achievement
Before the revolution, there wasn’t a set of laws
Napoleon summed it down to 7 codes of law, but The
Civil Code was the most important
The Civil Code is also referred to as Napoleonic Code
What did the Napoleonic Code
Do?:
I.
II.
“Women are nothing but machines for producing
children..”
-Napoleon
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Recognized equality for all citizens before the law
Preserved the right of an individual to choose a
profession
Preserved religious toleration
Preserved the abolition of serfdom and feudalism
Undid the law of making divorce easy for both
husbands and wives
Women became less equal then men
a) property belonged to husbands
b) in lawsuits they were treated as minors and
testimony was less reliable then men
A New Bureaucracy:
"I wished to found a European system, a European
Code of Laws, a European judiciary: there would be but
one people in Europe…"
-Napoleon
I.
II.
III.
Napoleon wanted to be “The united states of Europe”
Also created a new aristocracy based on merit in
state service
Created 3,236 nobles between 1808-1814
a) 60% were military officers
b) only 22% came from nobility of the old
regime
c) almost 60% were middle class in origin
Preserver of Revolution:
I.
II.
III.
Although Napoleon did a lot for France, he made it
worse at the same time
He replaced liberty with despotism that grew
increasingly arbitrary
He shut down 60 of France’s 73 newspapers
He had all manuscripts run through the government
before published. Even the mail was checked by the
government
Napoleon’s
Empire
Building the Empire:
“To be a success in the world, promise everything,
deliver nothing”
-Napoleon
I.
II.
III.
IV.
When Napoleon made himself consul, they were at war with a
European coalition Russia, Great Britain, and Austria
He paused the war and made a peace treaty in 1802, but war
presumed in 1803.
Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Prussia joined Britain. After a
series of battles, Napoleon’s Grand Army defeated Austria,
Prussia, and Russian armies.
He created a new European order and had 3 major parts of of his
Grand Empire:
a) The French Empire
b) Dependant states
c) Allied states
The French Empire, Dependant
states, and Allied states:
I.
II.
III.
French Empire:
a) inner core of the Grand Empire
b) included western half of Italy & north Rome
Dependant states:
a) kingdoms under the rule of Napoleon’s relatives
b) Spain, Italy, The Swiss Republic, the Grand
Duchy of Warsaw , and the Confederation of Rhine
Allied states:
a) those defeated by Napoleon and forced to join
against Britain (Prussia, Austria, Russia, and
Sweden)
Spreading the Principles of
Revolution:
“A man will fight harder for his interests than his
rights..”
-Napoleon
I.
II.
Napoleon wanted to spread the principles of the
French Revolution
a) legal equality
b) religious toleration
c) economic freedom
By doing so, he destroyed the old order. Nobility and
clergy in states of the French Empire and Dependant
states lost special privilege
The European
Response
Britain’s Survival:
“Glory is fleeting, but obscurity is forever…” -Napoleon
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Mainly survived because it ruled the waves.
Invulnerable for military attack
Napoleon tried to defeat Britain with Continental
System by making their economy weak, but failed
Allied states didn’t like that Napoleon didn’t want
them to trade with Britain, so they did it secretly
Nationalism:
“A patriot must always be ready to defend his country
against his government..”
-Napoleon
I.
The second reason that the Grand Empire didn’t last
was because of Nationalism :
“The unique cultural identity of a people based on common
language, religion, and national symbols
II.
The spread of principles brought a spread of
nationalism
III.
There were two ways the French aroused nationalism:
a) they were hated as oppressors (hatred stirred
patriotism of other opposing the French
b) French showed Europe what nationalism was and
what a nation in arms could do
The Fall of
Napoleon
Disaster in Russia:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
Because the Russians didn’t want to stay in the Continental
System, Napoleon felt the need to invade Russia
Russia was a huge country, and Napoleon knew it would lead
to consequences
In 1812, Napoleon went into Russia wit over 600,000 men
Russia was defeated went to Moscow
Napoleon began the “Great Retreat” across Russia
European states attacked French Army
Paris was captured March 1814
He was exiled to Elba
The Bourbon monarchy was restored to France under Louis
XVIII
The Final Defeat:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Napoleon made his way back to France
Troops were sent to capture him, but he said “I am your
Emperor! If there is a man among you that would kill me , here
I am!” They replied by saying “Vive l’Emperor!”
Troops went to his side and they made their entry into Paris
The armies that had defeated him before, tried once more. He
built another army and stationed in Belgium
At Waterloo (1815), Napoleon suffered defeat under the Duke of
Wellington
He was exiled to St. Helena, an island in the South Atlantic,
where he died
http://www.biography.com/peo
ple/napoleon-9420291/videos
Bibliography: