Download Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers

OPENING ACTIVITY
• In your journal, list what you know about World
War I. Things to think about:
– Who was in it?
– Why did it happen?
– How was it different than previous wars?
– Who won?
– How did it change America forever?
You can use sentences, bullet lists or diagrams – what ever
works best for you.
• Title the writing WWI Warm Up 1.
ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR I 1871 - 1914
Mr. Goddard | PLUSH | February 2009
CAUSES OF WWI - REMEMBER MANIA
• Militarism – policy of building up strong military
forces to prepare for war and their use as a tool of
diplomacy.
• Alliances - agreements between nations to aid and
protect one another
• Nationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
• Imperialism – when one country takes over another
country economically and politically
• Assassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
THE CENTRAL POWERS
•
•
•
•
Germany – Triple Alliance
Austria Hungary – Triple Alliance
Italy – Triple Alliance
Turkey Ottoman
GEOPOLITICS OF THE 1800S
• Balance of power was
maintained through
diplomacy and
occasional wars.
• The players were
France, Britain, AustriaHungary and Russia.
• Germany and Italy were
not nations until the
second half.
• Nationalism swept
Europe in the second
half of the 1800s.
BEFORE WWI THE MAP CHANGED
• Notice the changes to
Germany and Italy.
• Lets explore what
happened…
GERMANY UNITES 1871
• Under the foreign
policies of Bismarck.
Germany began to
unify under Prussian
leadership.
GERMANY GROWS
•
•
•
•
The creation of a single German
state had been a long-standing
ambition of most German-speaking
peoples. This was achieved under
the leadership of Prussia
France had been the dominant
European power before the
creation of Germany. France had
tried to stop unification by going to
war with Prussia in 1870. She was
humiliatingly defeated.
Germany took the French provinces
of Alsace & Lorraine.
France wanted revenge. Germany
made sure her armed forces were
stronger than France’s
ITALY UNITES 1860
• Under Cavour, Italy
changed from a bunch
of little states to a full
nation.
• Wanted lands in the
Balkans.
• Not meaningful in the
war.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
• Sick man at the
European Empire party.
• She was defeated by
Prussia in 1869.
• Pushed out of Western
Europe and weakening
the Austria-Hungary
empire focused
influence in Balkan area
of southern Europe.
Franz
Joseph
ETHNIC GROUPING
• The Austria-Hungary
empire was a mess
with a lot of internal
divisions and
decreasing ability to
control its holdings.
• It had tons of different
people with different
ethnic and cultural
backgrounds.
THE ALLIES
•
•
•
•
France
Russia
Britain
Later the United States
WHAT'S UP WITH FRANCE
• French Revolution
• Napoleon
• Dominant European
power on land for
almost 200 years.
• French defeat by the
Germans was
humiliating for French
pride.
• She wanted revenge and
began building up her
armed forces.
TO THE EAST - RUSSIA
• Russia was France’s most
powerful continental rival
during the Napoleonic Wars.
• She turned East and
expanded into Asia
• Russia was a mess. She
remained a peasant society
while everyone else
industrialized
• Her rulers or Tsars were
wacky and ruled the people
by oppression
• Later dropped out of War
due to Communist
Revolution
GREAT BRITIAN
• First country to industrialize.
Big advantage and was rich and
powerful.
• Huge colonial holdings, over ¼
of earth’s territory. “The sun
never set on the British Empire”
• With such a large empire the
navy was her source of military
strength.
• Britain cared about protecting
and developing her trade.
• Britain stayed out of European
political and military affairs.
Only involved when she felt the
“balance of power” was
threatened.
SO WHAT CHANGED?
• 1888 Kaiser Wilhelm II took
over ruling Germany.
• He was obsessed with
Germany becoming a WORLD
power.
• His actions increased
tensions and distrust.
• He got rid of Bismarck.
• Everyone was worried about
their actions.
• Germany was building troops
to complete with France and
then started building a Navy.
THE NAVAL RACE 1906 - 1914
• Germany challenged Britain’s
naval supremacy.
• Germany used to be close to
Britain. England’s, Germany’s
and Russia’s rulers were related.
• Wilhelm’s ambitions for a world
empire soured relations.
Germany would need to build a
large navy in order to acquire
colonies.
• Britain was alarmed and there
was a major naval arms race
between them.
• By building a strong naval,
Germany caused Britain to join
France and Russia in the “Triple
Entente”
dreadnought
THE ARMS RACE BOTH LAND AND SEA
• Total Defense Expenditures
for the Great Powers [Ger., AH, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s (British
pounds).
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94
130
154
268
289
398
1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures
• France
• 10%
• Britain
• 13%
• Russia
• 39%
• Germany
• 73%
MILITARY STANDOFF
• By 1914 large armies
were facing each other
on the continent of
Europe.
EVERYONE HAD PICKED SIDES
AND THEN….
• Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
was even weaker than
Austria Hungary.
• Turkey was losing control of
the Balkans.
• Austria-Hungary and Russia
wanted in
• Unfortunately many had just
won independence and were
not interested in being taken
over again by a larger
empire.
• Serbia was a prime example
and this caused a major
rivalry with Austria-Hungary
BUT WAIT THERE IS MORE….
• July 28th 1914 ArchDuke Ferdinand from
the Austrian-Hungary
Empire was
assassinated by a
Serbian nationalist in
Sarajevo.
AUSTRIA ACTS
• 6/28/14 Assassination….
• 5/7/14 Kaiser William II
promises German support
for Austria against Serbia.
• 7/28/14 Emperor Franz
Joseph of Austria-Hungary
declares war on Serbia and
Russia since they
supported the Serbians.
• 7/29/14 AustriaHungarian troops invade
Serbia.
RUSSIA ACTS
• 7/29/14 Russia
invades Austria
Hungary
• 8/1/14 Germany
declares was on Russia
GERMANY ACTS
• 8/2 Germany invades
Luxembourg
• 8/3 Germany declares
war on France
• 8/4 Germany declares
war on neutral
Belgium. Britain and
Canada declare war on
Germany.
• U.S. neutral????
ALL EUROPEAN POWERS ARE AT WAR
• Only a little over two months, why so fast?
– Military build up: since the beginning of the 1900s most
of the countries had been building armies and
deploying them.
– Alliances: the connection between Germany and
Austria made their movements predictable. The results
of their actions forced the actions of France and
England.
– Imperialism most of the central powers had something
to gain.
HYPOTHESIZE
• Based on your understanding of Europe in this
period, answer the following question:
– Would the war eventually happened if the Arch Duke
wasn’t assassinated?
REMEMBER MANIA
• Militarism – policy of building up strong military
forces to prepare for war and their use as a tool of
diplomacy.
• Alliances - agreements between nations to aid and
protect one another
• Nationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
• Imperialism – when one country takes over another
country economically and politically
• Assassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
US CONCERNS AT THIS POINT
• Pros and Cons?
– What were the military resources of the nation?
• Army
• Transport
– What did the people of the United States want?
• Ethnic mix
• Loss of life
– Diplomatic
• Monroe Doctrine
• TR Club
• Who to support?
– Economic
• Trade
• Was our industry/economy set to support a war?
HOMEWORK
• Read Chapter 11 Section 1 “World War I Begins”
– Pay special attention to pages 377 to 380!
– Work on Reading Guide