Download Napoleon

Napoleon
Results for France
“A Man of Destiny”
Poor family of
Lesser Nobility
Born in Corsica
10 Yrs. Old Military School
1783 Student at
military academy
in Paris
Napoleon’s Marriages
 1st Wife – Josephine
March 9, 1796
Married
Divorced 1809
 2nd Wife – Marie
Louis
17 Year Old
Hapsburg
Princess
Early Military Career
1st Coalition
1796 - Command
of French Army
in Italy
1798 - Invaded
Egypt
Discovery of
Rosetta Stone
Military Set
Back - still
Hero
Early Military Career
2nd Coalition –
Russia formed new
alliance with Great
Britain. Austria,
Portugal, Naples and
the Ottoman Empire
joined
France suffered
defeats in Italy
and Germany
Weakened
Directory
1799 French
wanted order
1799 - Coup d’etat
- Napoleon ousted
the Directory
Consulate Formed
Napoleon = 1st
Consul [power
concentrated in the
1st Consul]
1800 defeated
Austrians –
dropped out 1801
March 1802 –
Treaty of Amiens
Truce w/ Great
Britain
France kept
European
Conquests
 1802 Plebicite made
him consul for life
 1804 Declared
himself Hereditary
emperor
 1805 Took title, King
of Italy
Stepson ruled as
viceroy
 Divorced Josephine
Centralized
Administration
$ Economic Reforms
Napoleonic Code
 The Concordat of
1801
Reforms in
Education
Centralized Administration
Financial Reforms
System of Prefects and Subprefects
83 Departments run by Prefects
Subprefects administered districts
Economic Corruption and waste was
Eliminated
Centralized tax collecting system
Paid off various economic obligations
Stabilized French Economic condition
1800 appointed
Commission to
draft a new code of
civil law
1804 Went into
effect and in 1807
it became the
Napoleonic code
Progressive in
some ways
Less Progressive
in others
Third Coalition
Battle of Trafalgar
Victories in Europe
Continental System
The Peninsular War
The Invasion of Russia
1805 – 3rd Coalition
Created for Balance of
Power
1805 – Napoleon
prepared to invade G.B.
October 21 – Lord
Nelson found combined
French and Spanish
fleet at Cape Trafalgar.
British victory – France
lost all hope of ever
winning a naval battle
The Big Idea:
The Continental System & the spread of
nationalism led to rebellions against
French rule. After the Failed invasion of
Russia & major defeats at Leipzig &
Waterloo, Napoleon was removed from
power. European leaders at the Congress
of Vienna sought to restore stability &
order based on the status quo of 1792.
They redrew national boundaries, restored
monarchs, established a balance of power
and created the Concert of Europe.
Napoleon & Nationalism:
• Nationalism sparked French success,
however, it also worked against them b/c
others may have liked the ideas of the Fr.
Rev. but saw his armies as foreign
oppressors.
• Resented Continental System
• Resented pushing French culture on them
Downfall of Napoleon
• Disaster in Russia brought a new alliance of
Russia, Britain, Austria & Prussia against
France
• he’s defeated at Leipzig & enemies close in on
France and 1814 he abdicated the throne
(stepped down from power)
• he was exiled to Elba & Louis XVIII was
crowned king
• Louis kept the Napoleonic Code & honored the
land settlements made during the Revolution.
I’m BACK!
• HOWEVER, loyalty to Napoleon does not
cease to exist and because of a fear of
returning to the old regime, he is able to
raise an army after he escaped from his
island exile & returns to France.
• Napoleon marched to Paris and Louis
XVIII (18th) fled.
OOPS
• his success did not last long b/c the Battle of
Waterloo in Belgium ended in defeat for
Napoleon. He was defeated by the British
troops commanded by Duke Wellington and
the Prussian army & forced once again to
abdicate the throne.
• exiled again but this time to the island of St.
Helena where he would die.
Napoleon’s Legacy
• Napoleonic code consolidated many changes of
the revolution
• Established a strong centralized state with a
constitution.
• Elections were held w/ expanded (yet still limited)
sufferage
• More citizens had rights to property & access to
education than b/f
• His conquests spread the ideas of the revolution
• He sparked nationalist feelings across Europe
• He abolished the Holy Roman Empire which
eventually led to the creation of a new Germany
• Louisiana Territory sold to the US ushered in an
age of American expansion
The Congress of Vienna
(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)
Congress of Vienna
• After Waterloo order had to be restored to
Europe after 25 years of war.
• The C of V met for 10 months 9/18146/1815 as a gathering of European leaders.
• They enjoyed dancing and food as well as
the serious work they had to accomplish.
• 3 men worked to shape the peace:
Metternich of Austria, Alexander I of
Russia and Lord Castlereagh of Britain.
Key Players at Vienna
Tsar Alexander I
(Rus.)
Foreign Minister,
Viscount Castlereagh (Br.)
The “Host”
Prince Klemens von
Metternich (Aus.)
King Frederick
William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles
Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)
Congress of Vienna
Chief goals:
• create lasting peace by establishing a balance of
power & protecting the system of monarchy
• Metternich wanted to restore status quo of 1792
• Alexander wanted a “holy alliance” of Christian
monarchs to suppress future revolutions
• Castlereagh wanted to prevent a revival of French
milt power
The Vienna Settlement
• These decisions set the stage for European
politics for the next 100 years!
• Balance of power:
• redrew the map of Europe.
• To control France they ringed the country with
strong countries
• (north they added Belgium & Luxembourg to
Holland to create the kingdom of the
Netherlands. Eastward: gave Prussia lands
along the Rhine River Y allowed Austria to
reassert control over northern Italy.)
Stability
• to return to the ways of 1792, the principle of
legitimacy was promoted (restoring hereditary
monarchies that the French Rev or Napoleon
had unseated…restoring the “legitimate heirs”
to the thrones in Italian states, Spain & Portugal)
• as protection for the new order the Concert of
Europe was created.
• This was a peacekeeping organization that
included all of the major European states. The
leaders pledged to maintain the balance of
power & to suppress any uprisings inspired by
the French Rev.
Looking Ahead…problems with
peace
• They achieved immediate goals but…
• Failed to foresee how powerful new forces like
nationalism would shake the foundations of
Eur. Problem: when they redrew national lines they
failed to take into consideration national cultures
• Many people were inspired by revolutionary
ideals & condemned the Vienna settlement.
The slogans/goals of the Fr. Rev. inspired
people in Europe & Latin America to seek
equality & liberty.
• No wars on the Napoleonic scale until 1914.
Europe After the Congress of Vienna
Closure: