Download American History Chapters 6-7

Chapters 6-7
Launching a New Nation
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Judiciary Act of 1789
Created the initial judicial structure (still the same)
 Supreme Court is the “law of the land”
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George Washington
First President
 Had many challenges when he took office
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Cabinet
Created to help George Washington govern better
 Made up of all the chief advisors to the President
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Cabinet
Cabinet—departments with chief advisors
who would become the presidents advisors
on a variety of topics
 Initial Cabinet:
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Department of State, Department of War, Department of
the Treasury, and the Attorney General
Today’s Cabinet
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http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/cabinet.html
There are a lot more Cabinet members today
Jefferson/Hamilton Debates
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Alexander Hamilton
Believed in a strong national government
 Wealthy Upper Class, Good Trade/Industry
 Very much like GB
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Thomas Jefferson
Believed in strong state governments
 More concerned with farmers (southerners)
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Washington DC became the capital of United
States (made Southerners happy)
Early Political Parties
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Federalists
People who shared Hamilton’s view
 Strong government is the key to a successful
country
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Democratic Republicans
People who shared Jefferson’s view
 Strong state governments is the key to a
successful country
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Whiskey Rebellion
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Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers in the west were mad about high taxes
 Hamilton had the government/army put a swift
end to the rebellion (much different than Shay’s)
 Showed 2 Important things
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New Power of our government
Division that was starting to appear between N/S
and Urban/Rural
Foreign Problems
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French Revolution (US Support??)
GB had supported the old leaders of France..
 Federalist supported the British pt. of view
 Dem-Republicans supported the French ppl..
 Washington decided on neutrality--not taking
either side in the revolution.
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Other Problems
Spanish and the British were not leaving the
lands west of the Appalachian Mtns.
 Native American Issues
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Native American Issues
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Ohio Battles
US was fighting against Little Turtle and the
Miami Confederacy
 Fighting over land by the Ohio River
 Americans were finally able to win
 Set a precedent on how to deal with Indians
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Buy land way cheaper than what it is worth
Fight against them if they resist
Force them to leave...
Politics
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George Washington decided against a 3rd term as President
 John Adams (F) ran against Thomas Jefferson (DR)
 Adams won the election 71-68
 Constitution said that Adams would be President and
Jefferson (runner-up) would be VP
 Sectionalism--placing the interest of one region ahead
of those of the nation
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Most of the North voted for Adams
Most of the South voted for Jefferson
Other Issues
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XYZ Affair
Attempt by the French to bribe Americans who
were attempting to negotiate a peace treaty.
 Made us mad at the French (almost went to war)
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Alien and Sedition Acts
Passed by Federalist
 Limited the rights of immigrants, done b/c
immigrants tended to be Dem-Reps.
 Violated the constitution
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Politics Again
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Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams
 Jefferson and his Vice-Presidential candidate Aaron
Burr both tied for the most electoral votes
 Alexander Hamilton convinced the House to vote for
Jefferson (He would become the 3rd President)
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Famous Duel
Burr was mad at Hamilton, challenged him to a duel
 Hamilton fired his shot in the air, Burr shot Hamilton in
the chest and killed him...then ran away to Europe.
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Politics
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Thomas Jefferson
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John Marshall
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Did everything he could to make the govt. smaller
Federalist Party began to fall apart
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Increased the power of the Court
Marbury vs Madison
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Established the idea of Judicial Review
Supreme Court look at whether laws/actions follow the
constitution
Westward Expansion
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Daniel Boone
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French Interests
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One of the first western explorers
Created a road from Virginia to Kentucky
France (Napoleon) bought a ton of land from Spain, wanted
to create an Empire in America
Had problems governing Haiti, decided to sell land
Louisiana Purchase
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France sold land west of the Mississippi River and New
Orleans for 15 million dollars (doubled the size of America)
Lewis and Clark--were chose to explore the Louisiana Purchase
Sacajawea--Indian Guide that helped them on their trip
http://www.lewis-clark.org/
War of 1812
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Reason why US declared war on GB
1.
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Impressment—British would seize Americans at sea and
make them fight for the British against France. In response
to this Jefferson passed an Embargo (ban on exporting
goods) to France and Great Britain.
Indian Problems—Great Britain was helping the Native
Americans form an confederacy against the William Henry
Harrison and the Americans.
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3.
Tecumseh—Indian Chief, lost @ the battle of
Tippecanoe…Harrison became a hero
War Hawks—young congressmen who favored war with GB
to help strengthen America
War of 1812---What happened
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What happened
Initially the US lost most battles—not ready to fight
 Eventually, the US won some battles in Canada and the
Ohio Territory
 US NAVY helped (small ships that were able to move
quicker than the British ships)
 In 1814, the British captured Washington DC and
burned all the government buildings
 GB eventually became tired of fighting against the
Americans
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War of 1812---the end
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Andrew Jackson
Became famous for winning a bunch of battles
against the British and Native Americans
 Battle of New Orleans—famous battle that the
Americans won (actually fought after the British
had surrendered)
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Treaty of Ghent
Peace Treaty that ended the fighting
 After the war, the Americans and the British had a
much better relationship (friends ever since)
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Chapter 7
Regional Economics Create
Differences
Economic Changes
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Industrial Revolution
Factories were able to start mass producing
 Social and economic changed that occurred
because of an increase in technology
 New England was the first place in America to
become “industrialized”
 Many young men/women left the farms in the
north and moved to cities
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Regional Differences
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North
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More industry, small farms (grew what family needed)
Started to invest more in livestock---no slaves
South
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No reason to industrialize (make more factories)
Eli Whitney—Invented the Cotton Gin
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Made it easier to mass produce cotton
States like Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana grew in pop.
Cotton Kingdom (Ala, Miss, La)---area that produced a ton of
cotton.
500,000 new slaves were brought to the South after the Cotton Gin
was invented
Economic Differences
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Tariff of 1816
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Placed a tax on all goods imported into America
North was happy b/c it encouraged manufacturing in
America
South was upset because they need to import more
goods than the North
Ultimately it led to more money coming into America
McCulloch vs. Maryland
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National government had control over the economy and
would be more powerful than state governments.
Attempts to Promote Unity
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Henry Clay
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National Road
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Connect Maryland to Illinois
Erie Canal
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Wanted to unite America by economy and transportation
Connected Lake Erie (all the Great Lakes) to the Atlantic Ocean (via
Hudson River)
People could ship things cheaper from the Midwest.
Robert Fulton
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Created the first steam ship, changed river and lake transporation
Internal Affairs
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Nationalism
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Belief that national interests should be placed
ahead of regional interests
Monroe Doctrine
James Monroe (Pres) told European countries to
stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
 Also said the US would stay out of their business
 Russia, Spain, Portugal were looking to expand in
America
 This causes settlers to move west
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Missouri Compromise
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Controversy
Missouri had 60,000 people—wanted to be a state
 At the time, there were 11 free states (no slavery)
and 11 slave states
 Missouri wanted to have slaves and Northern
Congressmen blocked it from becoming a state
 People became very upset
 Northerners thought South was trying to expand
slavery, Southerners thought the North was trying
to end slavery
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Missouri Compromise
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Missouri Compromise
Missouri would be admitted as a slave state
 Maine would be created/admitted as a free state
 Louisiana Territory would be divided into 2
regions…lands north of the 36-30 line could not
have slaves, lands south of the line could have
slaves.
 36-30 line (southern border of Missouri)
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Age of Jackson
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John Quincy Adams vs Andrew Jackson (1824)
Adams won the presidency but there were issues
 Adams had more electoral votes (not a majority though)
and less total votes than Jackson
 Henry Clay convinced the House of Reps to vote for
Adams…Jackson became very upset
 Jackson decided to form his own political party
(Democrats)…had support b/c he was popular
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In 1828, Jackson won the Presidential Election
Policies of Jackson
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Spoils System
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He replaced qualified people in the government with
people that he was friends with (wouldn’t say no to him)
Indian Removal Act
First tried Assimilation—give up own culture and become
more America. (Some did this)
 Indian Removal Act—government forced Natives tribes to
move West away from white settlers
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Cherokee Indians
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Cherokee
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Wanted to stay in Georgia/create own society
Went to the Supreme Court, got some basic rights, also started to
assimilate
Some leaders were tricked into signing a treaty and forced to move
Trail of Tears
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20,000 Cherokee were forced to move from Georgia to Oklahoma
(forced by troops)
Federal officials stole most of the things the Cherokee had
A very high percentage of Cherokee died on this trip
Daniel Webster vs John Calhoun
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Webster (Mass--Sen) vs Calhoun (VP SC)
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Argued over states rights and financial issues
Calhoun was upset about tariffs that were hurting South
Calhoun argued that laws that hurt one state were unconstitutional
Calhoun said that SC would not pay any more tariffs and threatened
to leave the United States.
Jackson’s Response
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He was mad, had congress pass the Force Bill (President could take
any steps necessary in enforce a law)
Jackson tended to act like a king from time to time
New Political Landscape
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Whig Party
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Martin Van Buren
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Jackson’s VP (after Calhoun), was able to win the 1836 Presidential
Election. Had to deal with the Panic of 1837 caused by Jackson’s
bad economic policies
William Henry Harrison (Whig) 1840
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Created by Democrats who were upset with Jackson
Wanted government control and unity
Old war veteran that everyone liked…able to defeat Van Buren
Used modern slogans and campaign techniques
Died a month into being president
John Tyler (Whig)
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Harrison’s VP….Whigs chose him only b/c he was from South
Tyler and the Whig party hated each other..not good president