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Instructional Focus
Document Notes
Grade 8/Social Studies
UNIT: 01
TITLE: Exploration
and Colonization
Part 1: European Background
Europe Today
Europe under the Roman Empire
Roman Empire: 600BC-500AD

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Rome spread
across the entire
Mediterranean Sea
at its height.
Spread across the
continents of Africa
Europe and Asia.
Most powerful and
influential empire
of all time.
Roman empire


Great architecture,
sculptures, and
artisans….as well
as having the most
powerful army the
world had ever
seen.
Roman empire
lasted over 1,000
years
Rome’s Decline
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Reasons why the empire declined
and collapsed included:
Government corruption
Weak Caesars (emperors)
Empire split into two (East and West)
West fell to barbarian tribes..(Huns,
Vandals, Goths, etc.)
East became Byzantium
The Two Empires
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Dark Ages: 500AD-1200AD



When Rome fell, its culture and
knowledge were lost plunging Europe
into the Dark Ages.
Europe was in chaos.
Each warlord wanted to create the
next Rome, but each failed and the
result was more chaos and anarchy.
Dark Ages



There was no
education, no
technology. All past
knowledge was gone.
The Dark Ages were a
time when man
started over.
The church preserved
the only writings and
the monks were the
only educated people.
Dark Ages


The Black Death
wiped out over a
third of Europe.
Caused by fleas
from rats.
Feudal System

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Feudalism was a class system that ruled
Europe.
At the top was the king.
Next were the nobles who owned the land
Next were the knights who fought for the
nobles
Last were the serfs who worked the land
for the nobles.
Each section of Europe had its own version
of Feudalism.
Crusades: 1095AD-1300AD



Wars between
European Christians
and Middle Eastern
Muslims
Pope wanted to free
the holy land
(Jerusalem) from the
Muslims
Christians won the 1st
crusade, but the
Muslims won the rest.
Crusades


The importance of
the Crusades was
that it opened the
doors of learning
once again for the
Europeans.
They were REintroduced to
education, writing,
art, technology,
spices, etc.
100 Year Years War: 1337-1457

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Fought over land claims in Europe.
Each country in Europe wanted to be
the next Rome.
Joan of Arc fought for France.
100 Years War ended in England’s
favor due to better army, better
technology (longbow), etc.
Renaissance: 1400s
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Began in Italy
Started because of
the fall of
Byzantium
Reawakening of
Europe
Printing Press was
invented
Education became
important
Renaissance


Leonardo DaVinci ,
Copernicus,
Galileo. All were
important thinkers.
Marco Polo traveled
to China and
brought back tales
of a rich Orient as
well as spices and
silk.
Reformation: October 15, 1517


Martin Luther
challenged the
Catholic church
and its doctrine
Reformation
changed the faith
of Europe and
helped bring about
the age of reason.
(science, and logic)
Chronological Order

Chronological
Order is a measure
of time in which
events are listed in
the order which
they occurred (as
in a timeline)
Timeline Example

Part 2: Age of Exploration
List 3 effects of Columbus’s
voyages



a. Europeans
found the
Americas(and
natives)
b. Began the Age
of Exploration
c. Spanish
colonization
Why was Prince Henry the
Navigator important to
exploration?

Sponsored
further
exploration.
Helped develop
the caravel.
How did the Caravel improve
transportation?

Triangular sails
allowed ships to
sail into the wind
in any direction.
What was the Line of Demarcation? Who
drew it? What 2 European countries
did it involve?



Divided North and
South America
Pope Alexander VI
drew it up.
The line was
between Spain and
Portugal’s claims in
the western
hemisphere.
Who was first to circumnavigate
the Earth?

Ferdinand Magellan
(or his crew) was
first to sail
completely around
the world
Magellan’s voyage
What was Cortes’s invisible ally that
aided in conquering the Aztecs?


Smallpox and other
diseases aided
Cortez in his
conquest of the
Aztec empire
Native Americans
had no immunities
to European
diseases
What was the main goal of the
conquistadors?
Gold.

The main goal of the conquistadors was to
conquer and obtain GOLD
Why was the search for the
Northwest Passage important?

Sailors searched for a route through the
new continent for a quicker way to China
Why did Spain send its powerful Armada
to attack England?

England was raiding Spanish shipping
making Spain angry, so King Phillip of
Spain sent his massive Armada to England
to invade and conquer
What happened in this battle between
Spain’s Armada and the English
Navy?

The mighty
Spanish Armada
was destroyed by
the English navy in
the English Chanel
List 2 effects of the famous naval battle
between England and Spain


a. England would
remain
Protestant and
become a power.
b. Marked the
beginning of
Spain’s decline.
Which European country began to in
the area of present day New
York?

After pushing out the Swedes, the Dutch
came to occupy what they called New
Amsterdam.
How did the Spaniards treat the Native
Americans who lived in their colonies?


Native Americans
who lived in
Spanish colonies or
missions were
treated horribly.
Many were used as
slave labor.
Which European country settled along
the St. Lawrence river, Mississippi river,
and the Great Lakes region? Why?

France. They
were interested
in fur trading.
What was the cargo on ships traveling
through the Middle Passage?
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
African Slaves.
As the
Transatlantic
slave trade
began, most of
the slaves were
taken to Central
and South
America, with
Brazil receiving
the most.
Middle Passage and the Trans Atlantic
Slave Trade
Who founded the colony of Roanoke?
What happened to the colony?

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Walter Raleigh
established the
colony of Roanoke
The colony
disappeared
without a trace.
It is still a mystery
today as to what
happened to the
lost colony
How did Joint-Stock companies
work?


Investors would
give money for the
start up of a
colony.
The investors
would then share
in the profits or
losses together.
What was the first permanent
English colony in North America?

Jamestown
established in 1607
was the first
permanent English
settlement in North
America.
What was the House of Burgesses and
why is it important to American history?

It was the first elected assembly in
North America.
What did John Smith do for
Jamestown?
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John Smith made
the settlers of
Jamestown stop
their search for
gold.
He put the colony
to work so it would
become successful.
He made them
help themselves.
What product (crop) saved
Jamestown from failure?

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Tobacco saved
Jamestown from
failure
It was an abundant
crop that
Europeans became
addicted to.
Jamestown grew
tobacco and sold it
to European
nations
Why is the Mayflower Compact important
to American history?

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Drafted by Pilgrims
when they arrived
It established the
idea of selfgovernment
It established the
idea of majority
rule.
Why did Pilgrims come to
America?

Pilgrims came to
north America from
England (where
they were known
as separatists) to
escape religious
persecution and
have freedom of
religion
What event prompted the House of
Burgesses to pass laws limiting the
power of the governor?
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Nathaniel Bacon and
his followers were
responsible for
Bacon’s Rebellion
The Governor had his
followers publicly
hanged as a
punishment
This prompted the
House of Burgesses to
take some power
away from single
authority (like a
governor)
What type of society did the
Puritans have?

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Puritans were deeply
religious
Puritans were very
hardworking and did
not believe in leisure
Their strong work
ethic and strong
religious connections
were called “The New
England Way”
Why were the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut important to American
History?


Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were the
first written framework of government in the
New World.
Expanded the idea of representative
government.
How did Rhode Island come to
be founded? Who founded it?


Roger Williams
founded Rhode
Island
He disagreed with
the strict Puritan
lifestyle in
Massachusetts, so
he decided to
establish his own
colony based on
religious freedom
What were indentured servants?

Indentured servants
were people in Europe
who could not afford
the voyage to the New
World, so they had
someone already here
pay for their journey
and they agreed to
work off the debt
when they arrived. (7
years
How did England gain control of New
Netherland?

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England began to
feel that New
Netherland was a
threat to the
security and trade
of their colonies in
the same area.
They sent word to
the Dutch to
vacate the colony.
What did they rename New Netherland?

New Netherland became the English
colony of New York.
How was Pennsylvania founded?


King Charles II of
England owed the
Penn family money
Instead of repaying
them with money,
he gave the family
title to huge tracts
of land in North
America
How was Pennsylvania founded?
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The Penn family
turned the land over
to their eldest son,
William Penn
William Penn was a
Quaker and
established the colony
as a haven for
Quakers.
Quakers were peaceful
people who paid
Native Americans for
the land.
What region of North America
did the English mostly settle in?

England
established its
colonies in North
America along the
east coast of what
is today the United
States.
English colonies in North America

Part 3: Establishment of the
English Colonies
Reasons for the Establishment
of England’s Colonies
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Political- England wished to compete with Spain &
France.
Economic- England wanted to increase trade and
create markets for English exports using the raw
materials of its colonies—(mercantilism)
Religious- Colonists came seeking religious
freedom and an escape from religious
persecution for certain beliefs
Social- There was an opportunity for adventure
and a better way of life, plus overcrowding was
becoming a problem in England.
Jamestown
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The first permanent
English settlement
was Jamestown,
Virginia. 1607.
Colonists faced many
hardships.
Mosquitoes carried
disease (Malaria)
Settlers wasted time
looking for gold.
John Smith
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When John Smith
Arrived, he stopped
the search for gold,
and made the settlers
work. (“He who does
not work, shall not
eat!”)
He created trade with
the Powhatan tribe
Pocahontas also
contributed to easing
relations between the
English and the
Powhatan Tribe
Tobacco

John Rolfe
developed high
grade tobacco that
Jamestown settlers
learned to grow.
Tobacco was a very
successful crop and
it saved
Jamestown from
failure.
Joint Stock Companies
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Joint-stock companies financed the
English journeys and settlements.
Investors in England would pool their
money together and share either the
rewards if the colony was successful
or they would share in the losses if
the colony was a failure.
The Virginia Company of London
owned Jamestown.
Joint Stock Companies
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Colonists wanted a share in the huge
tobacco profits coming in from
Jamestown.
The Virginia Company of London
decided to give the colonists their
own land.
The colonists eagerly accepted the
companies offer and this made them
work even harder.
Slavery
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The growing colonies
needed more labor, so
African slaves were
brought in to work the
land.
The demand for Cash
Crops such as Rice,
Indigo , Tobacco and
Cotton led to more
and more slaves being
brought into the
English colonies and
strengthened the
Trans-Atlantic Slave
Trade.
House of Burgesses
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The Virginia colonists of Jamestown
soon grew tired of the strict rules of
the Governor.
The Governor had been appointed by
the company
The colonists wanted local leaders,
so they formed the House of
Burgesses. This became the first
representative assembly in America.
House of Burgesses

Representatives from the colony itself
were elected to the House of Burgesses by
the people.
Bacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon and several followers
from the western frontier resented the
wealthy land owners in the east. Bacon
wanted Governor Berkeley to allow them
to make war with the Native Americans so
that more land could be opened up and
Bacon and people like him could purchase
these lands. Berkeley refused so Bacon
and his followers seized Jamestown in a
riot destroying property and burning
buildings.
Bacon’s Rebellion
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Bacon had fallen ill
and later died, but
Berkeley ordered
the hanging of his
followers.
Afterwards, the
House of
Burgesses passed
laws restricting the
power of the
Governors.
New England and the Pilgrims

Pilgrims were
separatists who
wished to no longer be
a part of the church of
England. They were
persecuted for their
beliefs and so they left
England for Holland,
and later came on
board the May flower
to America.
Arrival of the Pilgrims

They landed in Plymouth just outside the
limits of the Virginia Company of London
in 1620. They had to make their own
rules, so all the men signed the Mayflower
Compact.
Mayflower Compact
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In the Mayflower Compact, the
Pilgrims promised to obey any laws
agreed upon by the colony for the
good of the colony.
The Mayflower Compact helped
establish the idea of self government
and majority rule.
Massachusetts and the Puritans
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Between 1630-1640, the Puritans also left
England to escape religious persecution.
Around 20,000 came to America in the
Great Migration.
Many Puritans were investors in the
Massachusetts Bay Company, receiving a
royal charter to settle the colony.
John Winthrop became the first Governor.
The Puritans
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The Puritans
established a
commonwealth
type of
government where
everyone works for
the good of the
community.
The Puritans were
well prepared for
colonial life
Puritan success
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Puritans had strong work ethics leading to the
rapid growth of the New England colonies.
In 1636, Thomas Hooker founded a new Puritan
colony in Connecticut. There they drew up The
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut
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
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
were like a constitution. It restricted the
power of the governors and extended
voting rights to non-church members
helping to bring about representative
government.
Many people in the area did not like
having to live under the strict rules of the
Puritans.
Founding of Rhode Island
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Roger Williams felt that people should not
be forced to attend church.
He left Massachusetts and founded the
colony of Rhode Island which would
guarantee religious freedom for all and the
separation of church and state.
Anne Hutchinson who had led Bible
studies against the orders of the Church
leaders, helped to co-found Rhode Island.
“King Phillip’s” War
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The Puritans also came into conflict with the
Native Americans because of land intrusion.
Chief Metacom(whose English name was “king
Phillip”) formed an alliance of tribes to fight the
Puritans. The result was King Philips War.
“King Phillip’s” War

The Native
Americans lost this
war, and as a
result, they also
lost their land to
the Puritans. The
survivor’s of King
Phillip’s War were
sold into slavery by
surrounding tribes.
Salem Witch Trials

The Puritans were
also responsible for
the Salem Witch
Trials. Several
young women of
the Puritan colony
of Salem, Mass.
were accused of
being witches and
many were
hanged.
Salem Witch Trials

Despite incidences like the Salem
Witch Trials, religion was vital to the
establishment of the English Colonies
as it was these religious communities
that helped bring about
representative government to the
colonies

Part 4: The Growth of Britain’s
13 Colonies
The 13 Colonies
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
Britain’s 13 Colonies were located
along the eastern coast of North
America with close proximity to the
water for ease of trade.
The colonies began to develop
representative governments because
they were far from the mother
country. The early colonies were also
isolated. They were familiar with
representative style of government
because of Parliament back in
England.


The colonists would elect members of
their communities to a general
assembly, which then would make the
laws for that particular colony. They
were self governing.
The geography of the Thirteen
Colonies also determined what
economic system would develop in
three distinct regions
New England Colonies
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
Or Northern Colonies
included Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Connecticut,
and New Hampshire.
Puritans were largely
responsible for establishing
the early New England
Colonies, in Massachusetts
and Thomas Hooker who
founded Connecticut
New England did not have
good soil for farming.
New England Economics


Colonists in New
England turned to
trade, fishing,
shipbuilding, and
whaling.
New England
traded with other
colonies and other
countries through
the Triangular
Trade Route
Triangular Trade Route
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

The Triangular Trade Route had three
stops.
First, sugar and molasses would
come from the West Indies to New
England.
New England would send rum and
Iron to Africa.
Africa would pay in gold and send
slaves to the West Indies.
Triangular Trade Route
Navigation Acts
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
New England became so wealthy
with the Atlantic trade, that the
mother country (England) wanted to
make sure that it was getting its
share of the profit.
So, the English Parliament passed
the Navigation Acts in 1651.
These acts were laws that had four
provisions.
Navigation Acts
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1. All shipping was to be done on British
ships.
2. Products such as tobacco, wood and
sugar could only be sold to England.
3. European imports had to pass through
British ports before coming into the
colonies.
4. Goods not going to England were taxed.
Navigation Acts

These acts were not taken seriously, and
many sailors resorted to smuggling goods.
Middle Colonies
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
The Middle
Colonies included
New York, New
Jersey,
Pennsylvania, and
Delaware.
The promise of
religious freedom
attracted many to
the middle
colonies.
Middle Colonies
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
A Swedish colony built along the Delaware
river was forced out by the Dutch who
were ion turn forced out by the British.
The Dutch “New Netherland” became the
British “New York”.
Middle Colonies

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
The Duke of York (England) became
the owner of New York and it became
a Proprietary Colony.
The Duke gave the area of New
Jersey to his friends George Carteret
and John Berkeley.
To encourage settlement, they
promised freedom of religion and
representative government.
Middle Colonies



King Charles II
owed the Penn
family money.
In repayment, he
gave them the
area of
Pennsylvania.
The family sent
William Penn to run
the colony.
Middle Colonies



The family sent
William Penn to run
the colony.
William Penn was a
Quaker, and he
founded the colony to
be a safe haven for
Quakers.
The Quakers were
peaceful people who
paid the Native
Americans for the
land.
Middle Colonies



William Penn believed in representative
government too. He allowed a constitution
for Pennsylvania, and for the settlers to
elect their own representative assembly.
The Middle Colonies attracted immigrants
from all over Europe especially the Dutch
and Germans.
The main product of the Middle Colonies
was grain. They also prospered in trade
and exporting cash crops.
Middle Colonies



Philadelphia in Pennsylvania became the
largest city in the Middle Colonies.
As the Middle Colonies prospered, more
diverse people came to the colonies. With
so many people mingling, they had to
learn to tolerate each other.
Slaves were brought to the Middle
Colonies for menial labor (servants,
sailors) and tensions between colonists
and slaves sometimes became violent.
Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies
included Maryland,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Virginia, and
Georgia.
Southern Colonies


Lord Baltimore had established Maryland
as a Catholic colony, but in order to
encourage more settlers, Maryland passed
the Toleration Act granting religious
freedom for all.
The Carolinas began as a Proprietary
Colony, but when the proprietors refused
to send help against Native American
attacks, the colonists overthrew their
proprietors, and they became a Royal
Colony.
Southern Colonies



James Oglethorpe
established Georgia to
be a refuge for
debtors.
Britain wanted to use
Georgia to keep an
eye on Spanish and
French settlements.
When the king
removed Oglethorpe,
Georgia became a
Royal Colony.
Southern Colonies


The Southern Colonies entire economic
system was base on the Plantation System
because of the southern climate and
excellent soil. Cash Crops were grown in
the Southern Colonies.
Rice, tobacco, indigo, and other crops did
very well in the south, but they needed
much labor to produce. They turned to
slavery
Southern Colonies


Plantations grew to enormous sizes
and Plantation owners became very
wealthy. Smaller plantations were
sometimes forced out of business by
larger plantations.
Unlike the Northern and Middle
Colonies, cities were quite rare in the
south.
Southern Colonies


Though slavery at first
was located in all the
British Colonies, it
became a permanent
feature of the
Southern colonies.
Though most
plantation owners
sought to treat their
slaves well, some
were brutal to their
slaves. Many hired
overseers to make
sure the slaves kept
working hard.
Southern Colonies



Slaves were kept in
isolation with no political
voice or rights. They were
viewed as property and
were the lowest class in
the 13 Colonies
Neither slaves, nor free
Africans were allowed to
vote.
Slave labor was vital to the
establishment of the
Plantation System in the
Southern Colonies.
Back Country


Area west of the
Appalachian
Mountains.
Very few settlers
came to this region
because the
Appalachian
mountains acted as
a natural barrier to
colonial settlement.
Appalachian Mountains
Back Country




Many who settled this region were
pioneers living on small farms.
Most were Scots-Irish.
They had many conflicts with Native
Americans.
Since it was difficult to trade with the
eastern colonies, many learned to
depend on themselves.
American Identity


Land ownership helped establish a
person’s social standing. There was a
class system with the wealthy land
owners on top, and the poor and
slaves on the bottom.
Women tended to the management
of the household. Some in the urban
areas could even run their own
businesses.
Books and Learning


Most children were
taught to read and
schools were either
private, or families
hired private tutors.
Colonial America soon
had more educated
people than Great
Britain.
Slaves were not
allowed an education
Books and Learning


Most books were
published in England,
but soon, the colonists
began to publish their
own books like
Benjamin Franklin’s
Poor Richard’s
Almanac.
Many colonial books
focused on nature and
Native Americans
Great Awakening


By the early 1700’s, many colonists feared
they had fallen from their religious ways.
A new movement called The Great
Awakening,swept through the colonies.
Traveling preachers such as Jonathan
Edwards, Cotton Mather and George
Whitfield would roam the colonies bring
thousands back to the faith with their
“Angry God” sermons.
Enlightenment


Another movement
swept through the
colonies that focused
on reason and science
was the
Enlightenment. It was
very much like the
renaissance.
Benjamin Franklin was
a key figure in the
American
Enlightenment.
Enlightenment


The English
Philosopher John
Locke argued that
everyone had natural
rights. These were life
liberty and property.
He said that people
create governments to
protect these rights.
Enlightenment


John Locke also stated that if the
government fails to protect these
rights, then the people should
change that government.
He also challenged the “Divine Right”
of kings.
Enlightenment

The English Judge
William Blackstone
wrote
“Commentaries”,
which defined
English law and
helped later
influence the
Declaration of
Independence
Enlightenment

The French
philosopher
Charles
Montesquieu came
up with the
concept of the
Separation of
Powers in
government.

Part 5: The French & Indian War
The French & Indian War
French & Indian War
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The American Colonies were making the
mother country of England very wealthy.
Mercantilism ensured that goods
produced in the Colonies were sold to
Britain (England)
Mercantilism was the system whereby
England used its colonies to create a
favorable balance of trade with other
European countries.
French & Indian War
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The Navigation Acts stated that trade
between the colonies could take place
only on American or British ships.
Many products produced by the colonies
could only be sold to the British and no
one else. These were Enumerated
Articles, which were products that
England could not produce itself
French & Indian War
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Despite the laws regulating trade, many
American merchants smuggled goods to
other countries.
France had also set up establishments in
North America. Its two main settlements
were Quebec and Montreal.
Whenever England and France went to
war, their colonies went to war as well.
Conflict in North America
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King William’s War (1689-1697): The
French with native American allies
attacked several British outposts. Nothing
was gained in this war.
Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713): Again
this war started when the French attacked
British settlements. This time, the French
lost territory. England gained Nova Scotia,
Hudson Bay, and Newfoundland.
Conflict in North America
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King George’s War (1740-1748) :
started when Native Americans who had
been allied to the French started attacking
British settlements. The English captured
Ft. Louisburg, which was the most
important fort in New France, because it
protected the St. Lawrence River, and both
Quebec and Montreal.
All of these wars started in Europe under
different names and circumstances and
spread to the colonies, except the last war.
…
The French & Indian War
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
The French & Indian War started in North
America and then eventually spread to
Europe involving many European powers.
The French & Indian War a.k.a. The
Seven Years War (1756-1763) : After
King Georges War, the French under the
orders of gov. Duquesne began setting up
a string of forts bordering English
settlements.
French & Indian War
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British governor
Din Widdie sent a
young officer
named George
Washington to tell
the French that
they were
trespassing on
British territory.
Duquesne sent
Washington away.
French & Indian War
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In response, the British built their own fort
in the same area, but before the fort could
be completed, the French drove the British
out and took possession of the fort. They
then named the fort : Fort Duquesne.
Colonel Washington was sent back in an
attempt to recapture the fort, but facing
overwhelming French forces, he was
forced to retreat.
French & Indian War
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The French gave
chase and Washington
was forced to build a
makeshift fort he
named ft. Necessity.
The French
surrounded and
eventually Washington
surrendered
French & Indian War
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Unbelievably, the French allowed
Washington and his men to return
home.
The war had begun.
The French allied themselves with
the Algonquin tribes.
The British allied themselves with the
Iroquois tribes.
French & Indian War
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The British heavily
outnumbered the
French, but the
French were better
at frontier warfare
and had far more
Native American
allies.
French & Indian War
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The war proved to be
brutal and vicious.
The British began
paying Iroquois tribes
for the scalps of
French soldiers.
The beginning of the
war went badly for the
British as French and
Algonquin continued
to make surprise
strikes
French & Indian War
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Commanding the
French was a very
skilled general
Louis Joseph de
Montcalm.
British forces were
under the
command of
general James
Wolfe.
French & Indian War
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When General Braddock tried to re-take ft.
Duquesne, the French and Algonquin launched an
ambush and slaughtered the British leaving a
young Washington to lead the retreat.
French & Indian War
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In England, William
Pitt, an extremely
gifted military
strategist and
political genius
took over the war
effort. Pitt turned
the focus on naval
combat. And
complete conquest
of North America
French & Indian War
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The tide began to turn
in favor of the British.
General Amherst was
a British general who
used biological
warfare against the
Algonquin.
He gave them
smallpox infested
blankets.
French & Indian War
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The British finally were able to take
Fort Duquesne from the French and
the renamed it Fort Pitt. (This is how
Pittsburg got its name).
Little by little the British conquered
each French outpost until all that
were left were Quebec and Montreal.
Finally Montreal fell to the British.
French & Indian War
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The British then
turned their attention
to the city of Quebec.
This last battle pitted
Wolfe and Montcalm
against each other.
After days of seizure,
Quebec fell.
Both Wolfe and
Montcalm were killed.
French & Indian War
French & Indian War
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Not only were the British completely
victorious in North America, but they
were also victorious in the European
theatre of the war. (The Seven Years
War).
Several countries had attempted to
help France, but Britain had beaten
them all.
Treaty of Paris 1763

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France surrendered all of its lands in North
America, including Canada.
Because Spain had aided France, they
surrendered Florida to Great Britain.
England now controlled all of Canada,
Florida, and North America all the way to
the Mississippi River.
France was devastated and humiliated.
Instructional Focus Document
Notes
Grade 8/Social Studies

UNIT: 01
TITLE: Exploration
and Colonization
 END OF UNIT